The respiratory system

Question 1

Identify 3 functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Inhale oxygen

Exhale carbon dioxide

Filter, warm and moisten air

Question 2

Describe what happens physically during the inhalation process

Answer 2

breath in
diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract
chest cavity and lungs expand
alveolar pressure becomes less
then atmospheric
air moves from a high to
a low pressure
air flows into the alveoli
gas exchange takes place

Question 3

Describe what happens physically during the exhalation process

Answer 3

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles stop contracting
Chest wall moves inwards
Lungs recoil
Air in alveoli becomes compressed
Pressure in alveoli becomes greater than atmospheric pressure
Air flows out of the lungs

Question 4

Inhalation summary

Answer 4

On inhalation, external intercostal muscles contract and the internal intercostal muscles RELAX.
The diaphragm CONTRACTS and FLATTENS.
The thoracic cavity INCREASES in size.
The air pressure within the lungs DECREASES and air is drawn into the lungs

Question 5

Give three facts about the structure and function of the alveoli

Answer 5

alveoli is where the process of gas exchange occurs. the smaller the airway, a single layer of cells is left.
alveoli are the small air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. for efficient gas exchange, a good blood supply is essential.
the walls are one cell thick, and the environment is kept moist.

Question 6

order of ALVEOLI and BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES

Answer 6

BRONCHI –> BRONCHIOLES –> ALVEOLI

Question 7

Describe what happens to the respiratory rate during physical exercise

Answer 7

Specialised receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries detect changes in blood gases.

They detect an INCREASE in carbon dioxide levels.

This brings about an increase in respiratory rate.

Question 8

Describe the connection between blood supply and gaseous exchange

Answer 8

alveoli is where the process of gas exchange occurs. the smaller the airway, a single layer of cells is left.
alveoli are the small air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. for efficient gas exchange, a good blood supply is essential. the walls are one cell thick and the environment is kept moist.

Question 9

Identify the following conditions of the respiratory system SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS – asthma and lung cancer

Answer 9

a. Asthma: Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

b. Lung cancer: Persistent cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, shortness of breath, and unexplained weight loss.