The Respiratory System Flashcards
pathway of air
nose/mouth
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
Diffusion
The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Gassious exchange
The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air
tidal volume
Volume of everything in or out per breath
increases during exercise
Inspiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
decreases during exercise
Expiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
slightly decreases during exercise
residual volume
Amount of at that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
remains the same during exercise
minute Ventilation
Volume of air breathe in or out per minute
big increase during exercise
spirometre
measures volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs
partial pressure
The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases
concentration/diffusion pathway
The difference in partial pressure between the capillary blood vessels and working muscles.
The bigger the gradient the faster diffusion occurs
gaseous exchange at muscles
The partial pressure of oxygen has to be there at the tissues than in the blood for diffusion to occur.
this lower partial pressure allows oxygen to diffuse from the blood into the muscle.
Factors involved in the regulation of pulmonary ventilation during exercise
*Neural control- brain and nervous system
*chemical control- blood acidity
work together to regulate breathing
*hormonal control
sympathetic
prepares body for exercise, increases breathing rate
parasympathetic
Decrease breathing rate
inspiratory centre
Bins out nerve impulses via the phrenic nerve to the inspiratory muscles so they contract. Lasts for about two seconds then the impulse stops.
Other factors affecting neural control of breathing
Mechanical factors, baroreceptors, stretch receptors
smoking
Irritates trachea and bronchi.
Reduces lung function.
Increases breathlessness.
Swells and narrows lungs airways.
Damages cells lining the trachea bronchi and bronchioles.
Mucus buildup.
Damages alveoli
cilia
microscopic hair like projections that helps sweep away fluids particles and mucus from lungs
