The respiratory system

Question 1

Why do we breath?

Answer 1

to get oxygen into our bodies

Question 2

Why is oxygen needed?

Answer 2

Oxygen is needed to obtain energy from food through the process called aerobic cellular respiration

Question 3

Energy is released into the cell when glucose reacts oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water

Question 4

Glucose reacts with oxygen to form what?

Answer 4

carbon dioxide and water

Question 5

Energy is Stored in the cell in the form of

Answer 5

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 6

Gas exchange occurs when..

Answer 6

oxygen diffuses into the body’s cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells

Question 7

Gas exchange occurs at 2 locations:

Answer 7

1) The lungs: Oxygen diffuses from the air into the bloodstream. CO2 diffuses from the blood stream into the lungs and back into the air

2) The body’s cells: Oxygen diffuses from the blood into the cells and CO2 diffuses from the cells back into the blood stream

Question 8

Ventilation(breathing)

Answer 8

Ventilation is the process of moving oxygen rich air into the lungs and carbon dioxide rich air out of the lungs

Question 9

Our respiratory has 4 features that help it properly function..

Answer 9

1. A thin permeable respiratory membrane through which diffusion can occur
2. A large surface area for gas exchange
3. A good supply of blood
4. A breathing system for bringing oxygen rich air to the respiratory membrane

Question 10

Nose

Answer 10

• Lined with hair to trap large dust particles
• Nasal passage also covered with mucus membranes which help warm and misidentified air as well as trap smaller dirt particles
• Ciliated cells line the nasal passages (whip like hairs to move the mucus to the throat (pharynx) to be swallowed

Question 11

The mouth

Answer 11

-Slightly warms the air but it doesn’t add much moisture or filter out dirt and dust particles

Question 12

The pharynx

Answer 12

Connects the nose to the mouth

Question 13

The epiglottis

Answer 13

closes the trachea during swallowing but during breathing it stays open

Question 14

The larynx

Answer 14

Contains thin membrane(vocal cords) that are stretched across the larynx. They vibrate to make sounds when you exhale

Question 15

The trachea

Answer 15

-The “windpipe” which allows passage of air into the bronchi
-Contains cartilage rings to prevent collapse
-Walls have mucus producing cells and cilia(small hair like structures) which protect the lung from foreign matter
-Divides into 2 bronchi

Question 16

The bronchi

Answer 16

-Passage of air into lungs
-Branch into smaller bronchioles

Question 17

The bronchioles

Answer 17

pass air into the alveoli

Question 18

The alveoli

Answer 18

-Site of gas exchange
-Moist sac that expand like a balloon when we inhale
-Membranes are one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries for efficient diffusion of O2 and CO2
-Lined with lipoprotein based lubricating film to prevent collapse

Question 19

Breathing

Answer 19

-The mechanism by which animals ventilate their lungs
- Accomplished by 2 muscular structures: intercostal muscle and diaphragm
- Based on principle that air flows from region of high pressure to region of low pressure

Question 20

Intercostal muscles

Answer 20

-Muscles of the rib cage that work to expand and contract the rib cage

Question 21

Diaphragm

Answer 21

-Muscle layer that separates region of the lungs from the region of the stomach and liver
-World to expand and contract chest cavity

Question 22

Composition of Inhaled and Exhaled air

Answer 22

• [O2] in inhaled air > [O2] in blood

-[CO2] in blood > [CO2] in inhaled air

-O2 diffuses across capillary wall from air to blood

-CO2 diffuses across alveoli from blood to air

Question 23

Inhalation

Answer 23

-Intercostal muscles contract: expand rib cage
-Diaphragm contracts and moves down in chest cavity
-Lungs expand outward
-Volume of chest cavity increases
-Air pressure decreases in cavity
-Air pressure in lung is less than external environment
-Air enters lung

Question 24

Exhalation

Answer 24

-Intercostal muscles relax
-Diaphragm relaxes and moves up in the chest cavity
-Lungs move inward
-Volume of chest cavity decreases
- Air pressure increases in cavity
-Air pressure in lung is more then external environment
-Air is expelled from lungs