The Respiratory system

Question 1

The structure and function of the nose:

Answer 1

Structure
- The nose can be divided into the external nose and the internal nose cavity.
- The shape of the nose is created by the nasal and frontal bones and hyaline cartilage
- Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the nasal cavity

Function
- The nose provides a passageway for respiration
- It moistens and warms air entering the respiratory tract
- It filters and cleans the air
- It gives a resonating chamber for speech
- It houses the olfactory (smell) receptors

Question 2

The structure and function of the Pharynx

Answer 2

Structure:
It is formed mainly by skeletal muscle and it has three regions
The nasopharynx - connects to the nose
The oropharynx connects to the mouth
The laryngopharynx connects to the larynx

Function:
Its structure allows air to pass through your windpipe into your lungs
It also connects your mouth and nasal cavity to your esophagus

Question 3

The structure and function of the Larynx

Answer 3

Structure:
The Larynx is made up of muscles and cartilage held together by elastic tissues.

Function:
The larynx controls airflow during breathing
Protects the airway during ingestion of food
Produces sound

Question 4

The structure and function of the Trachea

Answer 4

Structure:
It is composed of hyaline cartilage and thin membrane between each cartilage ring
It can be divided into three parts the mucosa, submucosa, musculocartilaginous layer, and adventitia.

Function:
The trachea allows inspired and expired air into the lungs for breathing.
It also conditons the air to enter the body and can prevent potental harmful substances.

Question 5

The structure and function of the Bronchi

Answer 5

Structure:
It splits into left and right bronchi
Made up of cartilage and smooth muscle, they have a wide lumen.

Function:
bronchi distribute the air throughout the lungs until reaching the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

Question 6

The structure and function of the Alveoli

Answer 6

Structure:
The walls of the alveoli are composed of simple squamous epithelium tissue
They are joined together by a basement membrane

Function:
The alveoli is the space within the lungs where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occur.

Question 7

The structure and function of the Bronchioles

Answer 7

Structure:
Are lined by simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium
Surrounded by elastic fibers and smooth muscle.

Function:
They delvier air to a network of around 300 million alveoli in the lungs.

Question 8

The structure and function of the Alveolar Ducts

Answer 8

Structure:
Formed by alveoli and bundles of smooth muscle

Function:
They serve as passageways
They collect and direct the oxygen entering the alveoli and the carbon dioxide exiting the lungs.