THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
state the functions of the respiratory system
main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases
name and describe the organs of this system;
The main organ of the respiratory system is the lungs. Other respiratory organs include the nose, the trachea and the breathing muscles (the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles).
trace the flow of air from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli
Pathway of air: nasal cavities (or oral cavity) > pharynx > trachea > primary bronchi (right & left) > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli
relate the function of any portion of the respiratory tract to its gross and microscopic anatomy.
Trachea: rigid tube, highly organized hyaline cartilage, incomplete rings to allow oesophagus to expand when eating - mucociliary elevator (ciliated until terminal bronchioles)
name the muscles of respiration and describe their roles in breathing;
INSIPRATION:
-diaphragm (contracts to flat shape)
-external intercostals
FORCED EXPIRATION:
-rectus abdominus
-internal intercostals
RELAXED EXPIRATION:
-elastic recoil, No Muscles Used
describe the brainstem centers that control breathing and the inputs they receive from other levels of the nervous system
RETICULAR FORMATION OF MEDULLA OBLONGATA/PONS
-two sides communicate so that the lungs contract symmetrically
-ventral respiratory group
-dorsal respiratory group
-pontine respiratory group
explain how pressure gradients account for the flow of air in and out of the lungs, and how those gradients are produced;
F is related to the change in pressure over resistance
Changing volume creates a pressure gradient
Inter-pulmonary pressure falls with more volume rises with less volume
identify the sources of resistance to airflow and discuss their relevance to respiration;
-diameter of bronchioles
-pulmonary compliance
-surface tension of alveoli
What are the two zones of the respiratory system
conducting zone and respiratory zone
What is the diff between right and left side of the lungs
the right lung has three lobes while the left has two
Which serous membrane that covers lungs
Visceral pleura
Functions of pleurae and pleural fluid
Reduce friction
Create pressure
Which pleura adheres to mediastinum, inner surface of the rib cage, and superior surface of the diaphragm
parietal pleura
Neumothorax
is a collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity. It occurs when air accumulates between the parietal and visceral pleurae inside the chest. The air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse.
Three regions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
inspiration sequence of events
expiration sequence of events
Which muscles are being used during inspiration
Sternocleidomastoid
