The respiratory pump- Lecture 1

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

movement of gas from the environment to gas exchange space, i.e. the lung.
Ventilation is the product of the breathing frequency times the tidal volume.

Question 2

Movement of gas requires….

Answer 2

a DRIVING FORCE, pressure gradient

Question 3

Goal of ventilation

Answer 3

to provide oxygen and remove carbon

dioxide

Question 4

Source and Sink of Oxygen

Answer 4

Source: Environment/atmosphere
Sink: Mitochondria

Question 5

Source and Sink of Mitochondria

Answer 5

Source: Mitochondria
Sink: Environment/atmosphere

Question 6

Law of partial pressures

Answer 6

Total pressure of a gas is the sum of partial pressures of the gases present.
Ptot = P1 + P2 + P3 + … + Pn

Question 7

Dalton’s law

Answer 7

The partial pressure of the gas can be found by knowing the total pressure and the fractional concentration of the individual gas species.
Px = Ptot * Fx

Question 8

Water vapor correction

Answer 8

Air also has much less H2O vapor than lung gas which is completely saturated with water vapor. PH2O = 47 mmHg at 37o C.
Px = (Pb - 47) * Fx

Question 9

Henry’s Law

Answer 9

The volume of gas dissolved in liquid is proportional to the partial pressure.
Cx= k * Px (where K is a constant)

Question 10

Fick’s law of diffusion

Answer 10

The rate that molecules move through this membrane to reach equal concentrations, equilibrium, is given by:
J = DAα*(C1 - C2)/x

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

The primary inspiratory muscle

Question 12

E is I and I is E

Answer 12

External intercostals is inspiration.

Internal intercostals is expiration

Question 13

Passive movement

Answer 13

Exhale

Question 14

Active contraction

Answer 14

Inhale

Question 15

Pneumothorax

Answer 15

When air is between the intercostals and the visceral pleura of lungs. When the ribs move in response to exhale but the lungs do not move with them.