The Reproductive system Flashcards
(37 cards)
What does seminal fluid contain and where is it made?
Fructose
citric acid,
bicarbonate (to balance the acidity of vagina), fibrinogen and fibrinolytic enzymes (break down barriers on the way to the egg)
Made in seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland * see diagram, prostate gland also contributes
What is the penis made from?
2x Corpora cavernosa
1x corpora spongiosium (muscles)
How do ejection and ejection occur?
Erection = parasympathetic stimulation -> arteries relax -> increasing pressure-> puts pressure on venous drainage -> engorgment
Ejaculation = sympathetic stimulation
(Point and shoot )
What is the male gland and where and how are they stored?
The testes/testicles:
In the scrotum ( 2-3 degrees lower than normal body temperature to maintain sperm production)
Where is the spermatic cord formed and what does it contain?
Formed at deep inguinal ring
Contains several structures inc: Testicular artery Pampiniform plexus (V) Autonomic and GF nerves Lymph vessels Vas deferns
Where is the sperm stored?
Epididymis / comma shaped structure
Where are the ovaries and what is on top of them?
Peritoneal cavity
Fimbriae
What are the layers of the uterus?
Inside outwards:
Endometrium (lots of spiral arterioles, susceptible to hormone change)
Myometrium
Perimetrium
What is cervix made of
Internal and external os
External os cells - Smear test for cervical cancer
What is the vagina?
Non sterile whereas the test above cervix is sterile (bc of cervix closure and mucus)
Has lactic acidosis which lowers pH (laftivacillus vaginalis)
What is inside the Fallopian tubes
Cilia and spiral muscle
Where does fertilization occur
Wde part of Fallopian tube
Where does gametogenesis occur m and f
Testes and ovaries
Males gametogenesis
Starts at puberty
Spermatogonia undergo differentiation and self renewal
Pool available through life (continuous fertility
~1500 sperm a s)
Spermatogonium (44XY) Mitosis Primary spermatocytee Meitotic div Secondsary meitotic div making spermatozoa
What connects the epididymis to the urethra ?
Vas / ductus deferens
Where is the male urethra?
In the prostate (chestnut size gland )which sits under the bladder
What are the testes surrounded by?
3 connective tissues: (outside inwards)
- tunica vaginalis
- tunica albuginea
- tunica vasculosa (bv in here)
What is inside the testes?
300 lobules with 1-4 seminiferous tubules w septs that are between each set which drains into the rete testers then into epidydimis which drain in vas deferens
What is the clinical importance of the vas deference muscle?
What is cut In a vasectomy
Arterial blood supply of testes?
Testicular arteries from the aorta via the spermatic cord
Lymphatic drainage of testes?
Para-aortic lymph nodes
How does the egg travel from the ovary?
Egg collected by fibres and passes through Fallopian tube which has cilia and spiral muscles which help waft the egg along
What do bulbo-urethral glands in males do?
It’s below prostate
Secretes sugar -rich mucus into urethra for lubrications and contributes to pre-ejaculatory emissions from the penis
Where does fertilisation happen?
Ampula. (Widest area of Fallopian tube)
