The Reproductive system Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

What does seminal fluid contain and where is it made?

A

Fructose
citric acid,
bicarbonate (to balance the acidity of vagina), fibrinogen and fibrinolytic enzymes (break down barriers on the way to the egg)
Made in seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland * see diagram, prostate gland also contributes

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2
Q

What is the penis made from?

A

2x Corpora cavernosa

1x corpora spongiosium (muscles)

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3
Q

How do ejection and ejection occur?

A

Erection = parasympathetic stimulation -> arteries relax -> increasing pressure-> puts pressure on venous drainage -> engorgment
Ejaculation = sympathetic stimulation
(Point and shoot )

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4
Q

What is the male gland and where and how are they stored?

A

The testes/testicles:

In the scrotum ( 2-3 degrees lower than normal body temperature to maintain sperm production)

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5
Q

Where is the spermatic cord formed and what does it contain?

A

Formed at deep inguinal ring

Contains several structures inc:
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus (V)
Autonomic and GF nerves
Lymph vessels 
Vas deferns
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6
Q

Where is the sperm stored?

A

Epididymis / comma shaped structure

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7
Q

Where are the ovaries and what is on top of them?

A

Peritoneal cavity

Fimbriae

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8
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

Inside outwards:
Endometrium (lots of spiral arterioles, susceptible to hormone change)
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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9
Q

What is cervix made of

A

Internal and external os

External os cells - Smear test for cervical cancer

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10
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Non sterile whereas the test above cervix is sterile (bc of cervix closure and mucus)
Has lactic acidosis which lowers pH (laftivacillus vaginalis)

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11
Q

What is inside the Fallopian tubes

A

Cilia and spiral muscle

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12
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

Wde part of Fallopian tube

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13
Q

Where does gametogenesis occur m and f

A

Testes and ovaries

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14
Q

Males gametogenesis

A

Starts at puberty
Spermatogonia undergo differentiation and self renewal
Pool available through life (continuous fertility
~1500 sperm a s)

Spermatogonium (44XY)
Mitosis
Primary spermatocytee
Meitotic div
Secondsary meitotic div making spermatozoa
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15
Q

What connects the epididymis to the urethra ?

A

Vas / ductus deferens

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16
Q

Where is the male urethra?

A

In the prostate (chestnut size gland )which sits under the bladder

17
Q

What are the testes surrounded by?

A

3 connective tissues: (outside inwards)

  • tunica vaginalis
  • tunica albuginea
  • tunica vasculosa (bv in here)
18
Q

What is inside the testes?

A

300 lobules with 1-4 seminiferous tubules w septs that are between each set which drains into the rete testers then into epidydimis which drain in vas deferens

19
Q

What is the clinical importance of the vas deference muscle?

A

What is cut In a vasectomy

20
Q

Arterial blood supply of testes?

A

Testicular arteries from the aorta via the spermatic cord

21
Q

Lymphatic drainage of testes?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

22
Q

How does the egg travel from the ovary?

A

Egg collected by fibres and passes through Fallopian tube which has cilia and spiral muscles which help waft the egg along

23
Q

What do bulbo-urethral glands in males do?

A

It’s below prostate

Secretes sugar -rich mucus into urethra for lubrications and contributes to pre-ejaculatory emissions from the penis

24
Q

Where does fertilisation happen?

A

Ampula. (Widest area of Fallopian tube)

25
When progesterone levels drop what happens to the endometrium?
Constriction of arterioles which causes ischemia of endometrial layer and therefore shedding (menstrual pain)
26
Arterial blood supply to ovaries and uterus/vagina?
Ovaries: ovarian arteries from aorta | Uterus/vagina: uterine arteries from internal iliac arteries
27
Lymphatic drainage in ovaries and uterus/vagina?
Ovaries: para-aortic LNs | Uterus/vagina: iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal LNs
28
What supports the uterus?
Tone of pelvic floor and ligaments
29
Where is the ureter
1cm lateral to cervix | *imp for cervical cancer
30
difference between germ cells at birth vs rest of life for males?
6 million at birth, mostly still there at puberty and don't decline much throughout life = continuous fertility if hormones good
31
When does male gametogenesis begin?
puberty | spematogonia undergo differentiation and self renewal
32
how many mature sperm are produced per second?
1500
33
female germ cells? (oogonia)
6 million before birth but by birth they decrease (2mil) form primary oocytes within ovarian follicle begin meiosis and are held in a suspended phase (prophase)until puberty (1/2 ,il) lose most by menopause and lose reproductive hormones so limited fertility remains
34
seminiferous tubules structure?
Tunica propria spermatogonium(germ cells) primary spermatocyte Sertoli cell within tubule and help w hormones to make sperm and on the outside of it there are Leydig cells
35
sertoli cells:
In sf tubules hav FSH receptors their function supprt developing germ cells assist germ cell movement to tubular lumen transfer nutrients to germ cells from capillaries Phagocytosis of damaged germ cells HORMONE SYNTHESIS - inhibin and activin - or fsh antimullerian hormone (AMH) - degenerate fallopian tubes androgen binding protein (ABP) - gets testosterone to right place
36
Leydig cell
``` between sf tubules pale cytoplasm as cholesterol rich LH receptors Function: hormone synth bc of LH stimulation: make androgens - testosterone androstenedione dehydroepiandrosterone can be aromatised to oestrogens ```
37
female gametogenesis
oogenesis: 2n mitosis = 2n x 2 (primary oocytes) in 2nd trimester of pregnancy at menarche: 2 meiotic div then differentiation after sperm fusion = OVA