The reigns of King Richard and King John Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are six key terms related to King Richard?
Brave, Great warrior, chivalrous, arrogant, selfish, disloyal to his father.
What are six key terms to describe King John?
Intelligent, Trained for kingship, cruel, short tempered, suspicious, rash, capable military leader.
Which king looked better on paper? Why?
KIng John as he had been prepared for kingship. He was also savvy and knew how to get what he wanted. Richard was selfish, arrogant and was intelligent.
What were rights of succession?
The sequence by which one person follows another to inherit the throne, title or lands.
What is Primogeniture?
A principle by which the eldest son inherits his fathers land and title (including king).
Why was Richards journey to kingship unorthadox?
Richard I was the first english king in 100 years to inherit his throne from his father. In that time kings had been nominated by the previous king, or had been chosen by leading barons in the kingdom.
What were the rights of Kingship?
From the moment a king was anointed with holy oils at the coronation he was given divine authority.
What was itinerant kingship?
When the king would travel around the country to visit his people.
What is: \+Royal Demesne \+Oath of Fatality \+Vassal \+Forfeiture \+Knight Service \+Labour Service
+Land kept by the king.
+Loyalty in exchange for land.
+What you would call someone in a debt of loyalty to you.
+The loss of land following breaking of loyalty.
+The provision of military services to the king, you would have to protect the kings castle for at least two months.
+Work for overlords in collecting harvests.
Why was Catholicism so popular?
As it was, according to teachings, the organised church that christ set up through apostle Peter. It was also the codified Christian organisation and the pope.
What was an interdict?
An interdict was when the pope disagreed with the king ( often on who the Arch Bishop of Canterbury should be most loyal to) so he would take away some of the king’s rites and influence over the Church. This was so effective as often the civilians were more loyal to the church.
What was an excommunication?
When the church declares you the enemy of God and you were threatened with death or war if a whole country was excommunicated.
What was it like to be a peasant in the country?
They worked from dawn till dusk. A villein worked for the overlord.
What was it like to be a peasant and live in a town?
Tradesman had unrestricted rights, which could be problematic for the workers.
What was a Villein?
The villeins had more rights than slaves, but had very little rights or freedom.
What was a Cottar?
A cottar is a peasant or farm labourer who inhabits a cottage or some other piece of land in return for services.
What was a freeman?
A Freeman was a peasant who, unlike others, was not tied to a piece of land and could move and change profession
To become a peasant, a freeman would have to buy a plot of land or pay dues to the Lord.
What does each of these key words mean?
Anti-semitism
Usury
Pogrom
Hatred or discrimination against jewish people
money-lending for profit
a violent attack
Why did people start a pogrom towards jews.
Before 1070 there were no records of jewish communities in England. When, by 1200, 5000 jews were residing in England, they were protected under a royal charter. Wen King Richard was given a gift by a jew publicly, people saw it as favouritism.
What happened in 1187?
Before he’s even King, Richard agrees to go on a crusade.
What happened in 1190?
Attacks against the jewish people of England take place.
What happened in 1192?
Richard fails in the point of the Crusade, to capture Jerusalem. Richard is kidnapped on his way home and held ransom.
What happened in 1194?
Richard returns to England, he had been kept prisoner for two years. He leaves three months later, again, to take back lost land in Normandy.
What happened in 1196?
Richard has now won back lots of land taken by Philip II, previously stole from him in Normandy. Mainly because of an expensive castle he builds called Chateau Gaillard.
