The reigns of King Richard and King John

Question 1

What are six key terms related to King Richard?

Answer 1

Brave, Great warrior, chivalrous, arrogant, selfish, disloyal to his father.

Question 2

What are six key terms to describe King John?

Answer 2

Intelligent, Trained for kingship, cruel, short tempered, suspicious, rash, capable military leader.

Question 3

Which king looked better on paper? Why?

Answer 3

KIng John as he had been prepared for kingship. He was also savvy and knew how to get what he wanted. Richard was selfish, arrogant and was intelligent.

Question 4

What were rights of succession?

Answer 4

The sequence by which one person follows another to inherit the throne, title or lands.

Question 5

What is Primogeniture?

Answer 5

A principle by which the eldest son inherits his fathers land and title (including king).

Question 6

Why was Richards journey to kingship unorthadox?

Answer 6

Richard I was the first english king in 100 years to inherit his throne from his father. In that time kings had been nominated by the previous king, or had been chosen by leading barons in the kingdom.

Question 7

What were the rights of Kingship?

Answer 7

From the moment a king was anointed with holy oils at the coronation he was given divine authority.

Question 8

What was itinerant kingship?

Answer 8

When the king would travel around the country to visit his people.

Question 9

What is: 
\+Royal Demesne
\+Oath of Fatality
\+Vassal
\+Forfeiture
\+Knight Service
\+Labour Service

Answer 9

+Land kept by the king.
+Loyalty in exchange for land.
+What you would call someone in a debt of loyalty to you.
+The loss of land following breaking of loyalty.
+The provision of military services to the king, you would have to protect the kings castle for at least two months.
+Work for overlords in collecting harvests.

Question 10

Why was Catholicism so popular?

Answer 10

As it was, according to teachings, the organised church that christ set up through apostle Peter. It was also the codified Christian organisation and the pope.

Question 11

What was an interdict?

Answer 11

An interdict was when the pope disagreed with the king ( often on who the Arch Bishop of Canterbury should be most loyal to) so he would take away some of the king’s rites and influence over the Church. This was so effective as often the civilians were more loyal to the church.

Question 12

What was an excommunication?

Answer 12

When the church declares you the enemy of God and you were threatened with death or war if a whole country was excommunicated.

Question 13

What was it like to be a peasant in the country?

Answer 13

They worked from dawn till dusk. A villein worked for the overlord.

Question 14

What was it like to be a peasant and live in a town?

Answer 14

Tradesman had unrestricted rights, which could be problematic for the workers.

Question 15

What was a Villein?

Answer 15

The villeins had more rights than slaves, but had very little rights or freedom.

Question 16

What was a Cottar?

Answer 16

A cottar is a peasant or farm labourer who inhabits a cottage or some other piece of land in return for services.

Question 17

What was a freeman?

Answer 17

A Freeman was a peasant who, unlike others, was not tied to a piece of land and could move and change profession
To become a peasant, a freeman would have to buy a plot of land or pay dues to the Lord.

Question 18

What does each of these key words mean?
Anti-semitism
Usury
Pogrom

Answer 18

Hatred or discrimination against jewish people
money-lending for profit
a violent attack

Question 19

Why did people start a pogrom towards jews.

Answer 19

Before 1070 there were no records of jewish communities in England. When, by 1200, 5000 jews were residing in England, they were protected under a royal charter. Wen King Richard was given a gift by a jew publicly, people saw it as favouritism.

Question 20

What happened in 1187?

Answer 20

Before he’s even King, Richard agrees to go on a crusade.

Question 21

What happened in 1190?

Answer 21

Attacks against the jewish people of England take place.

Question 22

What happened in 1192?

Answer 22

Richard fails in the point of the Crusade, to capture Jerusalem. Richard is kidnapped on his way home and held ransom.

Question 23

What happened in 1194?

Answer 23

Richard returns to England, he had been kept prisoner for two years. He leaves three months later, again, to take back lost land in Normandy.

Question 24

What happened in 1196?

Answer 24

Richard has now won back lots of land taken by Philip II, previously stole from him in Normandy. Mainly because of an expensive castle he builds called Chateau Gaillard.

Question 25

What happens in 1199?

Answer 25

Richard dies of an Arrow wound. John becomes king and Negotiations break down.

Question 26

What happened in 1204?

Answer 26

John has lost Normandy. He then loses respect from his barons.

Question 27

what happens in 1205?

Answer 27

John begins an argument with the pope over who should be the ArchBishop of Canterbury.

Question 28

what happens in 1208?

Answer 28

The pope loses patience with John and puts an interdict on England.

Question 29

What happens in 1209?

Answer 29

John is excommunicated by the pope.

Question 30

What happens in 1212?

Answer 30

The Barons, frustrated with John, plot against him but the plot calms down.

Question 31

What happened in 1213?

Answer 31

John makes up with the pope, due to the fact he is scared of his Barons and the threat of an invasion by his Uncle, Philip II of France.

Question 32

What happened in 1214?

Answer 32

John makes one last attempt at a success in war against France. It is a huge failure. john returns to England to find his Barons have had enough.

Question 33

What happened in 1215?

Answer 33

The Barons force John to sign the Magna Carta. He does and then gets the pope to declare it illegal. The Barons march on London and begin a rebellion.

Question 34

What happened in 1216?

Answer 34

John makes progress against the rebels but then Prince Louis of France, who has been invited to become king by the Barons, invade. Progress stalls and John dies in 1216, leaving his 9 year old son as his heir.

Question 35

Richard ruled for ten years, how much of that time was spent in England?

Answer 35

6 months

Question 36

What was the name of King Richard’s castle in Normandy?

Answer 36

Chateau Gaillard ( remember it because Richard seemed like a bit of a tosser, so named his castle after him being a Gaylord).

Question 37

When was the battle of Bouvines and how much did it cost?

Answer 37

The battle of Bouvines failed in 1214

It cost £135 000

Question 38

What happened to evoke John’s rebellion in 1191?

Answer 38

Richard banished John from the country as he feared he threatened his crown and William Longchamp was put in charge by richard when he was away. In 1191, John returned to the country, raised taxes to pay for Richards ransom when he was kidnapped, lied about him being dead and ran the country till Richard returned in 1194.