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World History I Final Exam Non-comprehensive > The Reformation Era > Flashcards

The Reformation Era Flashcards

1
Q

The reformation era chronology

A

1517 - 1648 Era of the Protestant Reformation
(95 theses to Thirty Years War)

1519 Ulrich Zwingli launches the Reformation in Zurich

1534 Henry Vlll confirmed as supreme head (on earth) of the C. of E.

1545 - 1563 Council of Trent & the Catholic Counter-Reformation

1618 - 1619 Synod of Dort (formation of TULIP results)

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2
Q

1517 - 1648

A

Era of the Protestant Reformation (95 theses to Thirty Years War)

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3
Q

1519

A

Ulrich Zwingli launches the Reformation in Zurich

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4
Q

1534

A

Henry Vlll confirmed as supreme head (on earth) of the Church of England

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5
Q

1545 - 1563

A

Council of Trent & the Catholic Counter-Reformation

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6
Q

1618 - 1619

A

Synod of Dort (formation of TULIP results)

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7
Q

Era of the Protestant Reformation (95 theses to Thirty Years War)

A

1517 - 1648

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8
Q

Ulrich Zwingli launches the Reformation in Zurich

A

1519

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9
Q

Henry Vlll confirmed as supreme head (on earth) of the Church of England

A

1534

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10
Q

Council of Trent & the Catholic Counter-Reformation

A

1545 - 1563

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11
Q

Synod of Dort (formation of TULIP results)

A

1618 - 1619

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12
Q

Transitions to the reformation ( 2 things to know)

A
  • Erasmus of Rotterdam
  • 4 causes of the reformation
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13
Q

Erasmus of Rotterdam (who was he and what did he do)

A
  • Regarded as “the scholar” of Europe
  • he exposed abuses in the RC church, denouncing the ignorance/idleness of monks
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14
Q

Who was regarded as “the scholar” of Europe?

A

Erasmus of Rotterdam

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15
Q

Who exposed abuses in the RC church denouncing the ignorance/idleness of monks?

A

Erasmus of Rotterdam

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16
Q

What “caused” the Reformation? (4)

A
  1. Corruption in the RCC
  2. Monarchs/rulers strong enough ( politically-political strength) to challenge CH power
  3. Popularity of mysticism
  4. New intellectual climate
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17
Q

Timeline of selected developments in the reformation era (el orden de los eventos)

A

• pope Leo X issues plenary indulgence

• John Tetzel begins indulgence sales in Germany

• ninety - five theses

• Luther defends Huss’ views

• Diet of Worms

• Luther is saved from arrest & death via “kidnapping”

• English parliament passes the Act of Supremacy

• the society of Jesus (Jesuits)

• Anne Boleyn executed (adultery)

• Mary I of England

• Edward VI of England becomes king

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18
Q

What did pope Leo X do?

A

Issued a plenary (full) indulgence

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19
Q

Why did pope Leo X issue a plenary indulgence?

A

To raise funds for the completion of S. Peter’s basilica

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20
Q

Who issued a plenary (full) indulgence to raise funds for the completion of St. Peter’s basilica?

A

Pope Leo X

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21
Q

What was the immediate cause of the reformation?

A

John Tetzel began indulgence sales in German lands

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22
Q

What did John Tetzel do?

A

Begin indulgence sales in German lands (which was the immediate cause of the reformation)

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23
Q

Who began indulgence sales in German lands?

A

John Tetzel

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24
Q

What are the ninety - five theses?

A

Academic points for scholarly debate

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25
Q

Academic points for scholarly debate

A

Ninety - five theses

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26
Q

How many theses were there? (Luther & the reformation)

A

95

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27
Q

Who and whose views (some of them) does Luther defend?

A

Luther defends Huss & some of his views

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28
Q

What is the Diet of Worms (what happened)?

A

Luther was a subject of Frederick the Wise

Luther is condemned as a heretic & an outlaw

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29
Q

What happened to Luther upon leaving the diet?

A

Upon leaving the diet, Luther is saved from arrest & death via “kidnapping”
by representatives of Frederick

 - he is taken to Wartburg Castle
 
 - he translated the Greek New Testament into German
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30
Q

Who “kidnapped” Luther to save him from arrest & death upon leaving the Diet of Worms?

A

Representatives of Frederick the Wise

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31
Q

What happens to Luther after being “kidnapped” by representatives of Frederick the Wise ? (2 things)

A
  • He is taken to Wartburg Castle
  • He translated the Greek New Testament into German
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32
Q

When “kidnapped”, where is Luther taken?

A

Wartburg Castle

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33
Q

What did Luther do in Wartburg Castle after being “kidnapped” (saved)?

A

He translated the Greek New Testament into German

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34
Q

What did the English Parliament do regarding the king and the Church?

A

English Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy, which made the king the supreme head of the Church of England

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35
Q

What did passing the Act of Supremacy lead to?

A

It made the king the supreme head of the Church of England

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36
Q

Who passed the Act of Supremacy?

A

The English Parliament

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37
Q

The society of Jesus: Jesuits (3 things to know)

A
  • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
  • they took a vow expressing special loyalty to the pope
  • concentrated on 3 tasks
    1. Education
    2. Winning back areas from Protestantism
    3. Foreign missions
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38
Q

What is the society of Jesus also called?

A

The Jesuits

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39
Q

Who founded the Jesuits?

A

Ignatius of Loyola

40
Q

What did the Jesuits do?

A

They took a vow expressing special loyalty to the pope

41
Q

What 3 tasks did the Jesuits concentrate on?

A
  • education
  • winning back areas from Protestantism
  • foreign missions
42
Q

What happened to Anne Boleyn?

A

She was executed for adultery

43
Q

What was Anne Boleyn executed for?

A

Adultery (although it wasn’t true)

44
Q

Who was executed in England for adultery?

A

Anne Boleyn

45
Q

Who are the rulers of England in that time?

A

The Tudors (not in order)

Anne Boleyn (isn’t a Tudor but marries king Henry who is a Tudor)

Mary I

Edward VI

46
Q

Who is Mary I and what does she do?

A

Devoutly Catholic, she tried to lead England back to Rome

47
Q

Who is Edward VI and what does he do?

A

King of England
Under his rule, English policy shifted abruptly in a Protestant direction

48
Q

What big difference do we see between Mary I and Edward VI?

A

Their religion ( Catholicism and Protestantism)

49
Q

What religion does Mary I support?

A

She is devoutly Catholic

50
Q

What religion does Edward VI support?

A

Protestantism (under his reign, English policy shifted abruptly in a Protestant direction)

51
Q

Theological aspects of the reformation:

What 3 basic principles of biblical Christianity were the Protestant movement followers brought back to?

A

The Protestant movement brought its followers back to 3 basic principles of biblical Christianity:

  1. The Bible as the sole authority - sola scriptura - scripture alone
  2. Justification by faith alone

3, priesthood of all believers

52
Q

What did the reformation do theologically?

A

The Protestant movement brought its followers back to 3 basic principles of biblical Christianity

53
Q

What biblical Christianity principles did the Protestant movement bring its followers back to?

A
  1. The Bible as the sole authority - sola Scriptura - Scripture alone
  2. Justification by faith alone
  3. Priesthood of all believers
54
Q

Four major ecclesiastical streams of the Reformation

A

Lutheran

Anglican

Reformed

Anabaptist

55
Q

Geographical distribution of the Reformation

A

Northern Europe - predominantly Protestant

Southern Europe - predominantly Catholic

56
Q

What geographical part of Europe was predominantly Protestant?

A

Northern Europe

57
Q

What geographical part of Europe was predominantly Catholic?

A

Southern Europe

58
Q

The Anglican stream of the reformation is also known as :

A

Church of England

59
Q

What happened to Anglican stream or Church of England under Henry VIII

A

Very little changed doctrinally

60
Q

Under what king did the Anglican stream or Church of England change very little doctrinally?

A

Henry VIII

61
Q

” Reformed” stream of the Reformation (4 people & 5 points of Calvinism)

A

4 people 5 points of Calvinism (TULIP)

  1. Ulrich Zwingli 1. Total depravity
  2. John Calvin 2. Unconditional election
  3. John Knox 3. Limited atonement
  4. Synod of Dort 4. Irresistible grace
                                                                                                5. Perseverance of the Saints
62
Q

People from the “Reformed” stream of the Reformation

A
  1. Ulrich Zwingli
    1. John Calvin
    2. John Knox
    3. Synod of Dort (not a person, but an assembly = synod )
63
Q

Ulrich Zwingli

A

Led the reformation in Zurich, Switzerland

64
Q

John Calvin

A

Led the Reformation in Geneva, Switzerland

Referred to as the systematizer of the Reformation

65
Q

John Knox

A

Went back to Scotland

66
Q

Synod of Dort

A

The rejection of Arminian theology was unanimous

67
Q

What two men led the Reformation in Switzerland?

A

Ulrich Zwingli

John Calvin

68
Q

Who led the Reformation in Zurich, Switzerland?

A

Ulrich Zwingli

69
Q

Who led the Reformation in Geneva, Switzerland?

A

John Calvin

70
Q

Who was referred to as the systematizer of the Reformation?

A

John Calvin

71
Q

Who went back to Scotland?

72
Q

What was the name of the assembly that unanimously rejected Arminian theology?

A

Synod of Dort

73
Q

Points of Calvinism from the “Reformed” stream of the reformation (how many, what mnemonic device are they symbolized by, and what are they)

A

5 points of Calvinism (doctrines often symbolized by the mnemonic device TULIP)

  1. Total depravity
  2. Unconditional election
  3. Limited atonement
  4. Irresistible grace
  5. Perseverance of the Saints
74
Q

Anabaptist stream of the Reformation (how is it also known as, what was the group like)

A

-the “radical reformation”

-were not a single coherent group - no one person tied the movement together

75
Q

What ecclesiastical stream of the reformation barely changed doctrinally under Henry VIII?

A

Anglican or Church of England

76
Q

What ecclesiastical stream of the reformation is made up of people like John Calvin, John Knox, or Ulrich Zwingli, and the assembly synod of Dort?

A

“Reformed”

77
Q

What ecclesiastical stream of the reformation is known as the “radical reformation” and is not a single coherent group?

A

Anabaptist

78
Q

The Catholic or counter-reformation (what to know)

A
  1. The council of Trent
  2. Mariolatry
79
Q

What did the Council of Trent do?

A

Reject the Protestant view of “Scripture alone”

80
Q

What is Mariolatry? (What it was originally, and what it is in actuality)

A

The veneration of Mary (veneration: reverential respect & awe, admiring deference)

In actuality, it is the outright worship of Mary

81
Q

What Protestant view did the council of Trent reject?

A

“Scripture alone”

82
Q

What is one of the components of Mariolatry?

A

Immaculate conception - Mary was conceived without sin (free of original sin)

83
Q

What does immaculate conception mean in Mariolaty?

A

Mary was conceived without sin (free of original sin)

84
Q

That are the European political situations during the reformation era? (Spain and France)

A

Spain -revolt of the Netherlands

France -ended French wars of religion

85
Q

What was the political situation like in Spain during the reformation era?

A

Revolt of the Netherlands - Spain eventually lost the Netherlands conflict

86
Q

Who were involved in the Netherlands conflict?

A

The Netherlands and Spain

87
Q

Who lost the Netherlands conflict?

88
Q

What was the political situation like in France during the reformation era?

A

Ended the French wars of religion by signing the Edict of Nantes

89
Q

What did the Edict of Nantes end?

A

The French wars of religion

90
Q

Things to know about the Thirty Years War

A

Conflicts fought mainly in Germany

The Defenestration of Prague

Peace of Westphalia

91
Q

What was the Thirty Years War ? (Where and over what were the conflicts fought)

A

religious
A series of conflicts fought mainly in Germany over dynastic concerns
territorial

92
Q

What did they fight over in the Thirty Years War?

A

-Religious

-Dynastic concerns

-Territorial

93
Q

What happened in the Defenestration of Prague? (Thirty Years War)

A

Prague Protestants threw two ministers and their secretary out of a window

94
Q

What was one of the consequences of the Peace of Westphalia? (Thirty Years War)

A

Holy Roman Empire was effectively over

95
Q

What is the series of conflicts fought mainly in Germany over religious, dynastic and territorial concerns?

A

Thirty Years War

96
Q

What is the term for throwing someone out of a window?

A

Defenestration

World History I Final Exam Non-comprehensive (2 decks)

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