the radicalisation of the state 1933-41 Flashcards
what are the three phrases in the development of the Nazi regime
1 the legal revolution 1933-34 in which hitler depended on his political allies and consolidate his power through legal means
2 creating the new germany 1934-37 hitler worried about public opinion at home and abroad. he avoided confronting powerful groups e.g. the church and army. he knew Germany wasnt ready for war
3 radicalisation of the state 1938-39, by 1939 the regime was strong and the economy had improved and germany was ready for war, therefore by 1939 hitler took control of the army by dismissing Blomberg and Fritsch and unleashed persecution of his racial enemies
who was blomberg
army general
who was fritsch
army general
what were the 3 main aspects of the Nazi ideology in radicalisation
social Darwinism and race theory- he used this to justify his theory of racial superiority and eugenics. the jews, blacks and slavs were inferior, the nazis wanted to purify the race by eliminating these ‘germs’. the aryan had the right to rule inferiors
volksgemeinschaft- was twisted by anti-sematic and racial thinking. inferiors were excluded from the community
lebensraum- opening space for white superior race. belived that germanys destiny lay in the east, thereby invading Poland. battle ground for race inhalation
how do you spell peoples community
V O L S K G E M E I N S C H A F T
how do you spell living space
L E B E N S R A U M
when was the reich central office set up? who was the expert and why was it set up?
1936
ritter, ‘scientific advisor’
to fight against gypsies and make locating and classifying them easier
what was the decree against gypsies called and when was it
1938, decree for the struggle against the gypsy plague
where were gypsies deported to and when
poland
1939
what religious sects were banned and when
jehovah witnesses, christian scientists and seventh day activists
november 1933
in what circumstances could the ban be lifted on religious sects
those who proved their willingness to coordinate with the regime. the gestaop reported on their activity
describe jehovah witnesses opposition against the regime. by a certain date how many were killed
they were the only sect to show hostility because they believed you should only serve god, therefore they refused to salute hitler
many were arrested
1945, 10,000
the regime failed to break their resisance
describe the seventh day activiests support for the regime
they welcomed the nazis and described it as germanys rebirth. the ban was lifted after 2 weeks as they agreed to display swastika flag and conclude services with a ‘heil hitler’.
they agreed not to support Jews or race enemies with its welfare system
define asocials
range of people who were considered social outcasts
when was the mass round up of tramps and beggers and how many were there
september 1933.
300,000
whats the differnce between orderly tramps and disorderly tramps and why did they have to make these distinctions
orderly those who were fit for work with no convictions
disorderly habitual criminals
there wasnt enough room in the concentration camps for all tramps so only the disorderly were sent there
what was the ‘asocial colony’ and when was it set up
it was to re-educate asocials
1936
why did the Nazis disapprove of homosexuals
because they saw it as perverted and a threat to racial health
what significant event happened in 1933 in regard to homosexuals
homosexual literature was destroyed and the institute of sex was burnt down by nazi students
how many homosexuals were arrested between 1936-38
22,000
what did homosexuals wear in concentration camps
pink triangles
how did the Nazis plan to cure homosexuality
through castration. if they refused they were sent to concentration camps and beaten to death
what percentage of homosexal prisoners died
60%
why didnt lesbians face the same discrimination as homosexuals
because they were considered asocials
what was the law called against the disabled and when was it and what did it do
the law for the prevention of hereditary deceased progeny
july 1933
introduced compulsory sterilization
regarding the law for steralisation, how old did someone have to be to be steralisied and what age could force be used
over 10
14
what was banned for aryans but permitted for non aryans
abortions and contraception
how many people were sterilised
400,000
what does euthanasia mean
intentionally ending life
when was euthanasia initiated and why
1939
because a father wrote a personal letter to hitler asking him to ‘put down this creature’
who was incharge of the euthanasia program
philip bouhler
what was the T4 program
disabled children would be sent to asylums and injected or starved to death. parents were reassured that their children were receiving the best care
how many children died in the T4 program
5000
what opposition did the T4 program face
complaints against boulher for murder worried te regime
pastor braune wrote a letter protesting, he was later arrested by the gestapo
the pope intervened and therefore in 1941 hitler halted the program in 1941
what did the T4 program provide
the techniques and trained personnel for the holocaust
decribe the boycott of jewish shops
1st april 1933
goebbels organised propaganda to maximise the impact of the boycott
it was carried out by SA man and gangs who marked out what businesses should be targeted and intimidated would be customers
the boycott showed the unleashing of nazi violence, however in reality hitler was anxious to get SA under control and about public opinion
hitler only intended the boycott to be brief. his aim was to avoid social instability while he carried out his legal revolution
