the collapse of democracy 1928-33

Question 1

describe the young plan?

Answer 1

1929
the dawes plan was temporary and the french wouldnt agree to completely withdraw forces from the Rhineland until there was a permanent agreement to the reparations
owen young and stresemann
young plan obliged german to continue paying reparations until 1988
the reparations was reduced to 1.8 million instead of 6.5 million
france would withdraw all its troops by 1930

Question 2

describe the wall street crash

Answer 2

october 1929
NY stock exchange witnessed its worst fall in share prices, on this day the largest american companies fell by 10 billion dollars
they demanded immediate repayments of loans
USA was germans largest export, therefore their export trade reduced by 61%
germany entered hyper inflation

Question 3

by 1932 how many of the workforce were now unemployed

Answer 3

1/3

6 million

Question 4

describe the collapse of the grand coalition

Answer 4

1930
(SPD, DVP, Z, DDP and KPD)
after the W.S,C unemployment benefits strained government finance
on the right, the DVP wanted to reduce unenployment benefits, whilst on the left the SPD wanted to raise taxes and protect the benefits
by 1930 the coalition was deadlocked and muller resigned

Question 5

describe Mullers reign of power

Answer 5

1928-30
(SPD)
he resigned march 1930 when hindenburg refused to use artical 48 to support his gov regarding increasing taxes

Question 6

whats artical 48

Answer 6

presidential decree in which emergency powers which didnt require the approval of the reichstag

Question 7

describe brunings reign of power

Answer 7

1930-32
(Z)
appointed by hindenburg on schlichers advise
his priority was the reduce gov expenditure by cutting welfare benefits, this made him ‘hunger chancellor’. this policy deepened the depression
he used artical 48
FALL
1932 banned SA to reduce street violence, schlicher turned against him as he felt that opposition to the Nazis was wrong and that some cooperation was needed
brunings proposal to break up bankrupt prussian estates persuaded hindenburg to dissmiss him

Question 8

in 1930 what was the ratio of reichstag laws to artical 48

Answer 8

98:5

Question 9

how many seats did the NSDAP have in 1928

Answer 9

0.81

Question 10

how many seats did the NSDAP have in 1930

Answer 10

6.4

Question 11

when does hitler challenge hindenburg for president and whats the result

Answer 11

1932

hindenburg wins but hitler comes second

Question 12

what are the results of the 1932 july and nov elections for the NSDAP

Answer 12

july 230

Nov 196

Question 13

describe papens reign of power

Answer 13

1932 may-dec
schlicher persuades hindenburg to appoint papen alongside a non-party gov which consisted of elites rather than members of the reichstag
he lifted the ban on the SA
he agreed to hold another election for hitler in july, nazis and communitst made major gains which humiliated papan
schlicher convinced hindenburg to hold another election nov, the Nazis lost 2 million votes
dec schlicher convinced hindenburg to dismiss Papen and appoint him

Question 14

whats the ratio of reichstag:decree 1932

Answer 14

5:66

Question 15

describe the role of ‘back stairs intrigue’

Answer 15

throughout the complicated twists and turns of 1932, a small group of elites made up of hindenburgs inner circle of advisors were involved in all the key decisions, they decided the appointment of chancellors and presidential decree

Question 16

describe schlichers reign of power

Answer 16

dec 1932-jan 1933
he alienated the elites and failed to win support from the left, they warned hindenburg
papen took initiative against schleicher, he wanted revenge.
in 1933 papen met with hitler several times, hitler insisted on being chancellor and papen vice-chancellor.
hindenburgs son also supported a hitler-papen gov, as well as other elites

Question 17

when was hitler appointed chancellor

Answer 17

jan 1933

“hitler didnt seize power, he was jobbed into power by back stairs intrigue’

Question 18

describe the reichstag fire

Answer 18

1933 feb
it was part of the Nazis atmosphere of intimidation and power that drove communists and the SPD underground in order for the NSDAP to obtain votes in the march elections
van der lubbe (dutsch communists) got the blame and was arrestsed.
there had been rumours that the nazi party set up von der lubbe in order to justify the representative measures.
whoever it was it was clear that the Nazis gained the most from it as they claimed it was part of the communist revolution and was used to justify the suspension of civil liberties
he was able to convince hindenburg to sign a decree giving him ‘emergency powers’

Question 19

describe the decree for the protection of the people and the state

Answer 19

it suspended civil liberties that had been granted under the WC
the police were given increased rights to detain without charge, this was used to arrest communists. 10,000 communists were arrested in 2 weeks

Question 20

what were the results of the march 1932 election

Answer 20

NSDAP 288 votes
the nazi vote had increased since nov elections however not as much as hitler had hoped
despite the violence the communists support held up.
significantly 61% voted anti-Nazi

Question 21

describe the enabling act

Answer 21

march 1933
this allowed hitler to make laws without the approval of the reichstag and without interference from the president
this was the final puzzle piece in the nazi dictatorship