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Britian > The Quest For Political Stability 1625-88 > Flashcards

The Quest For Political Stability 1625-88 Flashcards

1
Q

Divine Right

A

Principle is founded on the belief that the monarch was God’s representative on earth, it was considered a sin to stand against the monarch.

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2
Q

Republican

A

supreme political power held by elected representatives rather than a hereditary monarch

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3
Q

King in parliament

A

power of monarch to make laws with approval and assistance of parliament.

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4
Q

Prerogative

A

powers that could only be wielded by the King (call war, sign treaties)

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5
Q

What was the first disagreement between Charles and Parliament 1625

A

Parliament’s refusal to give Charles tonnage and poundage for life.

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6
Q

Late 1625, the reason for the first dissolution of parliament

A

Parliament wanting to impeach Buckingham due to him leading poorly trained and equipped soldiers and the failure of the attack on the port of Cadiz in Spain.

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7
Q

Why was Charles forced to introduce a forced loan?

A

due to parliament wanting to impeach Buckingham, Charles had to dissolve parilament without any grant of loan, resulting in him creating a forced loan.

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8
Q

Petition Of Rights

A
  • citizens to not be asked to pay forced loans
  • no imprisonment without trial
  • no one to be subjected to marital law
  • to not be forced to provide free lodging for soldiers.
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9
Q

What did Charles revised version of the petition assert.

A

his right to continue collecting tonnage and poundage without a parliamentary grant, using the justification of emergency powers in the national interest.

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10
Q

reasons why Charles and Parliament failed to work together 1625-29

A
  • Marriage to a catholic Henrietta Maria
  • Buckingham’s Failure to attack on the port of Cadiz in Spain and introducing war with France.
  • Charles revised version of the pettion
  • the five knights case
  • introduction of forced loans
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11
Q

What was the Cadiz Raid in 1626

A

it was planned by Charles’ advisor Buckingham, ended in a complete failure. 1000 drunk soldiers were killed at the cost of expedition leading parliament wanting to impeach Buckingham

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12
Q

When we’re forced loans introduced?

A

1627

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13
Q

What was the La Rochelle expedition?

A

England declares war with France, Buckingham organises another poorly planned expedition. Only 2000 men returned out of 7000

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14
Q

How much was the crown in debt in 1629

A

£2 million which was reduced to £18k by 1635 and charles’ own personal income rose from £600k to £900k

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15
Q

when did the war in Spain end?

A

1630

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16
Q

What was Lord’s reforms in the church

A
  • Strict adherence to the rules and emphasis on order, formality and hierarchy.
  • churches decorated with status and colours
  • organs restored
  • alter moved to the east end
  • people who resisted trial were deprived of their livings
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17
Q

Influence of Charles and Henrietta on the church

A
  • charales invited pope’s ambassador
  • Henrietta encouraged her children to participate in catholic worship
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18
Q

What Happened to John Hampden in 1636

A
  • he refused to pay his ship money issued a legal challenge, judge rulings 7-5 to Charles, significant narrow ruling.
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19
Q

What happened during in 1637 to Burton Bastwick and Prynn?

A

Published attacks on the Gov, star chamber trial. Laud sentenced for their ears cut off and branded their checks before being imprisoned.

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20
Q

What caused the first bishops war?

A

Charles tried to impose the Book Of cannons to the Scottish clergy and the English Prayer book caused Scott’s to rebel.

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21
Q

How much did Charles have to pay for loosing 2nd Bishop war

A

£850 a day, they also occupied Newcastle

22
Q

Long Parliament 1640-41

A

Pym and his allies, they removed the King’s “evil counsellors”. wentworth, Stafford and Laud, all were impeached and arrested.

23
Q

Triennal Act

A

Obliged Charles to call Parliament at least once every 3 years.

24
Q

What did the Act of Attainder do?

A

Passed against Stafford so he could be beheaded.

25
Q

What did Pym do in long parliament

A

Pushed for more constitutional changes, the abolition of prerogative courts, ship money and establishing the church on Presbyterian lines.

26
Q

Build up to war 1641-42

A

Fear of Catholic uprising in Ireland, due to Charles’ absence parliament decided that an army must be raised to tackle the rebellion. Pym devised a plan to unite the commons behind a parliament to approve the king choice of commander.

27
Q

What led to the arrest of Pym and 5 other leading opposition members?

A

Pym sent the king the Grand Remostance 1641 which was passed by. 11 voters, included long list of complaints of personal rule and 10 oppositions.

28
Q

Out come of the arrest of Pym and 5 leading opposition members

A

After charles issues the arrest they managed to escape leaving charles embrassée and seen as an open attack on the rights of parliament.

29
Q

How did parliament win the civil war?

A

Pym established a excise tax to maintain parliament forces.
- stopped the peace party of MPs making concessions with Charles
- commons signed the solemn league and covenant with Scottish forces to aid of parliament forces in the north
- creation of the new model army, secured parliament victory at the battle of naesby in June.

30
Q

How many soldiers were in the new model army?

A

22,000

31
Q

Reasons why the rump failed

A

Proposed reforms were complex and self seeking.
Passed 51 acts
Not enough money to maintain an army

32
Q

The hale commissions

A

Set up to investigate reforms to legal systems but recommendations were never adopted.

33
Q

Why was the rump dissolved officially by Cromwell

A

Due to not making enough reforms

34
Q

Nominated assembly 1653

A

Unable to work efficiently
Members unable to work together
Voted to dissolve itself (the moderates)

35
Q

The First Protectorate Parliament 1654-55

A

John Lambert introduced the instrument of Government which gave authority to Crownell, had support of state and a single chamber, state church with religious freedoms for all expect catholics.

36
Q

Success of the FPP

A

Had some success with laws and reforms (prohibition of Blasphemy and drunkenness)

37
Q

Why did Cromwell dissolve the FPP

A

It faced the same fundemental issue of not having the recognition and authority from the entire political national.

38
Q

thé creation of the rule of the major generals

A

1655 a royalist uprising led by john pensuddok broke out in wiltshire- easily defeated. this led cromwell to decide that great control was needed and therefore imposed centralised military rule over the entire country which was divided into 11 districts.

39
Q

How were the major generals assisted?

A

by a milita and we’re paid 10% of tax on the estates of royalists

40
Q

what changes did the royalists make

A

Lancashire: Major general worsley closed down 200 alehouses
Linconshire: Major general Whaley suppressed testimonial entertainment- stage plays and horse riding.

41
Q

when was cromwell offered the crown?

A

1657- showed that the people wanted his power through traditional channels

42
Q

The Humble and petition advice 1657

A
  • government by king (lord protector)
  • lords and commons govern with protector
  • prevision of hereditary succession
    -parliament control army
  • regular elections and limited religious toleration
43
Q

why was cromwell conflicted with accepting the humble petition and advice

A
  • his desire for a godly reformation and his belief that all men should be free to find God in their own way as long as it didn’t harm others
  • opposition of the army
  • it could have produced a constitutional monarchy
44
Q

Why was there more suspicion of Charles II

A
  • attempted to suspend act of uniformity
  • foreign policy seemed to favour French
  • sided with french in the second anglo dutch war
  • suspicion the plague was the work of catholic advisors
  • signed treaty with french in dover in 1670
  • James announced conversion to catholicism
45
Q

Problems with delectation of indulgence

A
  • included catholics
  • involved the suspension of law for a whole section of the nation on a permanent basis.
46
Q

what was the popish plot

A

A conspiracy invented by Titus Oates that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the kingdoms of England and Scotland in anti catholic hysteria

47
Q

three stages of the exclusion crisis

A

1679- exclusion bill passed in commons but prevented from going to the lords when Charles dissolved parliament
1680- a new parliament presented another bill, defeated in the lords by heavy pressure form the king
- 1680, the anti-Popish hysteria that had encouraged uncommitted MPs to support the Whigs was subsiding. 35 Catholics had been tried and executed, or fied into exile, but Oates was running out of credible victims.

48
Q

Whigs Tories and exclusion crisis

A

Fresh elections produced an anti Danby majority which forced charles to appoint a new privacy council and introduce a bill to exclude the catholic duke of York from the throne and replace him with Charles’ illegitimate protestant son. Charles II saw this as a blatant attack on hereditary divine monarchy

49
Q

What was the Rye House Plot

A

A group of old cormwellian solider concocted a plot to kill charles at the rye house in April 1683 and replace him with Monmouth. The plot failed and they were arrested and it provided the necessary means to destroy the remaining whig leaders.

50
Q

Consequences of the Rye House Plot

A

It was a mistake on the part of those leaders who were aware of it- it discredited the Whigs and sparked a royalist backlash, allowed charles to avoid calling parliament for the rest of his reign in direct contravention of the Triennal Act

Britian (5 decks)

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