The quest for civil rights Flashcards
What was the African American life like in terms of Reconstruction, the 14th amendment, Plessey v Ferguson, Jim Crow laws and sharecropping before 1917?
R = Reconstruction provided the opportunity for African Americans to solidify their family ties and to create independent religious institutions, which became centres of community life that survived long after Reconstruction ended. The former slaves also demanded economic independence.
14th= No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
P v F = Plessy v. Ferguson established the constitutionality of laws mandating separate but equal public accommodations for African Americans and whites.
Jim Crow Laws = Enforced racial segregation between end of Reconstruction in 1877 + beginning of civilo rights movement in 1950s.
Sharecropping = Sharecropping is a system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop. This encouraged tenants to work to produce the biggest harvest that they could, and ensured they would remain tied to the land and unlikely to leave for other opportunities.
Who was Martin Luther King? What was some key dates, tactics, and successes and failures of his campaign?
Key dates - 5 dec 1955, supported Rosa Parks by launching a boycott movement against Montgomery buses.
28 August 1963 - “ I have a dream “ speech.
10 Dec 1964 - Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
4 April 1968 - His assassination
protests, grassroots organizing, and civil disobedience
Who was Louis Armstrong?
one of the most influential artists in jazz history. Grew up in dire poverty, worked odd jobs and sang in a boys quartet as a child. Setn to colored waifs home as a juvenile delinquent in 1913, where he learnt to play cornet. Fame beckoned in 1922 when King Oliver’s Creole Jazz band beckoned him to play second cornet. Became popular through his ingenious ensemble lead and second cornet lines.
Quit Oliver’s band later, and made his most important early works, such as the Armstrong Hot five and Hot Seven recordings of 1925-1928. He was a famous musician by 1929, and moved to New York. Toured Europe and America as a soloist trumpet accompanied by big bands.
What was NAACP and the new deal?
The general consensus was that the NAACP should develop an economic program. The conferees criticized the New Deal for not giving blacks equal consideration, but agreed that the New Deal’s “reformed democracy” was preferable to fascism and communism.
What was the significance of Father Divine moving to harlem?
At one point, the Peace Mission was the largest property owner in Harlem. And during the Depression, Father Divine fed tens of thousands food and his vision of racial equality. They venerated him as a deliverer from Heaven.
What was the ‘ Dont Buy where you can’t work ‘ campaign
The “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” campaigns were credited with creating thousands of new jobs for African Americans during the Depression, by protesting such factories and shops.
What was the Impact of WW2 on African Americans?
The war meant a huge increase in demand for workers in factories on the home front to produce weapons. The black American men and women who moved across the USA to work in these factories found that they were discriminated against, especially when it came to pay.
What were some Legal Campaigns of the NAACP?
1947: Picketing New Orleans
Department store.
1951: NAACP protest in
Alexandra.
1953: Lafayette
Morgan V Virginia (1946)
Smith V Allwright (1944)
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. The boycott took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, and is regarded as the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation. Four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested and fined for refusing to yield her bus seat to a white man. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system, and one of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr., emerged as a prominent leader of the American civil rights movement.
What was Little Rock?
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. It identified the first African American students to desegregate Little Rock Central High School.
What was Greensboro?
Greensboro sit-in, act of nonviolent protest against a segregated lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, that began on February 1, 1960. Its success led to a wider sit-in movement, organized primarily by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), that spread throughout the South.
What were freedom ridfes?
Freedom Rides, in U.S. history, a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961. In 1946 the U.S. Supreme Court banned segregation in interstate bus travel.
What was the albany movement?
The Albany Movement aimed to end all forms of racial segregation in the city, focusing initially on desegregating travel facilities, forming a permanent biracial committee to discuss further desegregation, and the release of those jailed in segregation protests.
Who was James Meredith and what is his significance?
James Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is an American civil rights activist, writer, political adviser, and United States Air Force veteran who became, in 1962, the first African-American student admitted to the racially segregated University of Mississippi after the intervention of the federal government (an event …
