History - USA 1917-1991 + Reagan > The changing of the political environment > Flashcards
The changing of the political environment Flashcards
What are some facts about Woodrow Wilson
What are some facts about Warren Harding
What are some facts about Calving Coolidge
What are some facts about Herbert Hoover
What are some facts about Franklin D Roosevelt
What are some facts about Harry S Truman
What are some facts about Dwight Eisenhower
What are some facts about John F Kennedy
What are some facts about John F Kennedy
What are some facts about Richard Nixon
What are some facts about Gerald Ford
What are some facts about Jimmy Carter
What are some facts about George Bush Sr.
What are some facts about Bill Clinton
What was the impact of world war one on why the Republicans were elected?
What was the impact of Return To Normalcy on why the Republicans were elected?
What was the impact of Isolationism on why the Republicans were elected?
What was the impact of Appeal of Republicanism on why the Republicans were elected?
What were the Palmer Raids?
The Palmer Raids were conducted by the US Department of Justice in 1919-1920 as an attempt to arrest foreign anarchists, communists, radical leftists, etc. A mail bomb plot, consisting of 36 bombs designed to go off on May Day 1919, triggered the Bolshevik Conspiracy fear. On June 2, 1919, Palmer’s home was destroyed. On Nov 7 1919, the US federal & local authorities raided the headquarters of the Russian Workers in New York City and arrested more than 200 individuals. On Nov 25 a second raid unveiled a false wall and a bomb factory. On Dec 21, 259 radicals (including anarchist Emma Goldman) were packed aboard the USS Buford (dubbed the Soviet Ark) and deported to Russia.
How many communists did Palmer claim still were in the country following? Did he openly talk about the raids, or was it a government secret? What did he refer to the Russian immigrants as?
300,000, No, Aliens
Why did the First Red Scare happen?
A surge of activity among organized labour alongside anxiety stemming from the Russian Revolution of 1917. Fears of a Bolshevik conspiracy to overthrow the US governemnt drove paranoia. Labour strikes began to cause unrest, such as a general strike in Seattle, as well as a deep fear of anarchists (eg 1901 President William McKinley was shot dead by an Anarchist)
What was the Sedition Act of 1918?
Made it a crime for any person to convey information intended to interfere with the U.S armed forces’ prosecution of war effort or to promote the success of the country’s enemies.
What was Rugged Individualism?
Hoover’s definition was “ Freedom from government intervention and focus on idividual entrepreunership, enterprise, and volunteerism. “
What is Hoover’s basic argument in the American Individualism novel he wrote?
Our individualism differs from all others because it embraces these great ideals: that while we build our society upon the attainment of the individual, we shall safeguard to every individual an equality of opportunity to take that position in the community to
How did Herbert Hoover react to the Great depression?
Ordered Federal deps to speed up their construction projects and asked all governors to expand public work projects in their states. Asked congress fror a $160 mil tax cut whilst doubling spending for public buildings, etc in 1929. In 1930, Hoover created the President’s Emergency Committee for Employment to coordinate state and local relief programs. PECE only had limited success. Hoover requested fed reserve credit increase. Cut his own and state officials salaries by 20% and in 1930 introduced the Hawley Smoot Tariff act with an average of 40% tariffs.
Why did the Republicans lose in 1932?
Hoover’s unpopularity - a scapegoat, really. Hoovervilles and hoover blankets developed because of him, and his approach was seen as “ too little too late. “
The great depression - Hoover was blamed for the depression, and their laissez-faire policy was highly disliked after what happened in the Great Depression.
The bonus army - Bonus Army, gathering of probably 10,000 to 25,000 World War I veterans (estimates vary widely) who, with their wives and children, converged on Washington, D.C., in 1932, demanding immediate bonus payment for wartime services to alleviate the economic hardship of the Great Depression.
The appeal of FDR -
What were FDR’s fireside chats?
A series of evening radio addresses given by Roosevelt between 1933-1944. Used them to address the fears and concerns of the American people & inform them of the positions and actions taken byt the US government.
Thew New Deal comprises of two main ideas; Gov is responsible for the people, and Rapid national action is needed. What is the proof for these?
Was the New deal a success?
Yes - people trusted business again & started investing
Old & Disabled people got pensions & people’s ideas on role of gov had changed
Workers better wages & rights
Millions of jobs created & Industry and Agriculture recovering
FDR won 1936 election easily
No- POC and women did not have equal rights
Many small farmers & city workers remained out of work
1939 9 mil unemployed in america
Did everyone agree with the new deal?
No, some people believed it gave FDR too much power, Republicans said it would make things worst, Southerners said it interfered too much in local gov, and Businessmen said it was an attack on free neterprise and made it too hard to make profits, and Supreme Court said some bits of it were unconstitutional.
How did America become entertwined in World War 2?
Reinforced English military after Hitler’s Armies seized France in June. American Military constructed base in Greenland. Began to gun down German U-boats in the Atlantic. Throughout this time, Roosevelt was offering weapons to Britain for loans, beginning to lend them once Britain ran out of money. Signed the executive order 9066 in 1942 forcing the Japanese to be taken from their homes and incarcerated in intern camps or pogroms. Created War production board. Established Office of War omobilization.
What were the economic impacts of WW2?
During World War Two, the American government spent around $250 million per day. The effects of this filtered through to businesses and ordinary people, bringing them more prosperity. There was almost full employment and wages increased. Millions of jobs were created in this industrial boom. The average earnings of the bottom 20 per cent of workers grew by around 68 per cent. The Great Depression was over.
Demand for food during WW2 saw a boom for large scale commerical farmers, becoming as important as big industrialists in this period. Price of agricultural produce rose, increased production, technology improved, and smaller farms were gradually taken over by large corps.
What were the political impacts of WW2?
Far from the isolationism that characterized US global politics, the immediate aftermath of World War II established a clear desire among American political and economic leaders to protect this newfound power and to secure the United States as the leader of the “free world.”.
What is McCarthyism?
Before McCarthy’s rise to national fame, Truman had already signed an executive order in 1947 to screen federal employees for possible association with organisations deemed “ totalitarian, fascist, communist, or subversive. “. In 1950, US senator Joseph McCarthy began asserting that Communists had infiltrated the highest ranks of the Government, claiming ina speech that he had a list of employees that were loyal to the Soviet Union. He called for inv estigations into staff, and was appointed chair of the Senate committee on Gov Operations and Investigations. The House Un-American Activities Committee conducted investigations into alleged commnist activities as such as the hollywood ten. Among those investigated were Elia Kazan, Arthur miller and Bertolt Brecht, Pete seeger, etc. They were blacklisted by the Hollywood studios and were incarcerated for contempt of Congress (The hollywood 10.),
What was Kennedy’s definition of Liberalism?
I believe in human dignity as the source of national purpose, in human liberty as the source of national action, and the human heart as the source of national compassion, and in the human mind as the source of our invention and our ideas. It is, I believe, this faith in our fellow citizens as individuals and as people that lies at the heart of the liberal faith, for liberalism is not so much a party creed or a set of fixed platform promises as it is an attitude of mind and heart, a faith in man’s ability through the experiences of his reason and judgment to increase for himself and his fellow men the amount of Justice and freedom and brotherhood which all human life deserves. [Applause.]
Human dignity = Source of national purpose, Human liberty= source of national action, human heart= source of national compassion, humna mind= source of invention and our ideas. Liberliam is not so much a party creed or a set of fixedp latform promises as it is an attitude of mind and heart, faith in mans ability rthrough experiences of his reason and judgement to increase for himself and his fellow men the amount of justice & freedom & brotherhood which all human life deserves
Who were the hippies in America?
Nonviolence and love, “ Make lve not war “, promoted openness and tolerance as alternatives to the restrictions and regimentation seen in middle-class society. Often vegetarian, championed sexual liberation in the ’70s, etc.
What was Liberalism in the 1950s?
The postwar liberal consensus included acceptance of a modest welfare state and anti-communism domestic and foreign policies. Some of its elements were shared with embedded liberalism, that aimed to combine benefits of free markets with some interventionist domestic policies.
What was Woodstock?
When the towns of both Woodstock, Wallkill and New York denied permission to stage woodstock (A rock festival, woodstock stuck because it was a very hippy town), ultimately farmer Max Yasgur made his land available. Few tickets were sold, but 400,000 showed up, demanding free entry (which most got due to the lack of security). It did rain during, but it was more of a bonding experience for the hippies. (1969).
Name some student groups that rebelled for their rights in the 1960s
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) set up in 1960 as as it-in campaign spread across southern states, included future black American leaders such as John Lewis & Stokely Carmicheal. Students for a Democratic societ (SDS) began at University of Michigan in 1959. 1964, members of SDS were involved in setting up the Free Speech Movement (FSM) at the Uni of California, Berkeley. It was founded as students were banned from protesting in support of the civil rights movement, and by the end of the 1960s, there were about 100,000 members of the SDS in 150 colleges and universities.
What were some key events for student groups?
1964, members of SDS were involved in setting up the Free Speech Movement (FSM) at the Uni of California, Berkeley. It was founded as students were banned from protesting in support of the civil rights movement
Freedom Rides 1961
Children’s Crusade Birmingham, Alabama 1963
What were the Core Values of the “ New Right “?
Campaigned against Abortion, Homosexuality, the Equal Rights Amendment, the Panama Canal Treaty, affirmative action, and most forms of taxation. Were scared of counter-culture.
Who is Bill Bright? What is he known for?
An American evangelist who, in 1951, founded Campus Crusade for Christ as a ministry for University Students. in 1952 he wrote the Four Spiritual Laws. The CRU still exists today.
What was the Impact of War in Government in terms of the Imperial Presidency, National Security Act, the CIA and the Nuclear Bomb?
Imperial Presidency: Amount of staff in office has increased, many are appointed by the President and lack accountability, New executive agencies hsa been created alongside cabinet, many appointments to the executive office are not subject to confirmation from the senate, the powers president possesses over foreign policy huge, severe lack of accountability in presidency (e.g. Korean War not being congressional)
National Security Act of 1947: Mandated a major reorganization of the foreign policy and military establishments of the US government.
The CIA- CIA data collection and analysis was important for arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War and for determining U.S. strategy during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, when President John F. Kennedy relied on information gathered by the CIA through Soviet double agent Colonel Oleg Penkovsky.
How was the sapce race linked to the cold war?
What was the name of the first satellite in space?
Who was the first cosmonaut and astronaut in space?
On what date did Apollo 11 launch?
Race began due to both countries wanting to spy on eachother via satellites.
Sputnik, fired by Russians. 1957
Yuri Gagarin April 12 1961, Alan Shepard May 5 1961
Wednesday, July 16, 1969
How did the media react to the Korean War?
Why was 1968 a turning point in the vietnam war?
Tet Offensive began - a Surprise attack on South vietnamese cities by Vietcong and North vietnamese forces. Ultimately, it was a military loss for communists, but Americans watched on TV & were shocked and horrified that US was caught off guard.
60% of Americans dissaprove of Johnson’s handling of the war
Kennedy assassinated
221 college protests against Vietnam war
Democratic National Convention - 10,000 anti-war protesters clash with policeman and national guardsmen. VIolence is caught on tv.
What is pretences?
What is CBS?
What is the Gulf of Tonki?
An attempt to make something that is not the case appeartrue
American commercial broadcast television and radio network. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, also known as the USS Maddox incident, is the name given to what were originally claimed to be two separate confrontations involving North Vietnam and the United States in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin.
