The Psychological Persperctive Flashcards
THE SELF FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
(Period of Development) {C,B,S}
- Prenatal Period (Conception - birth)
- Infancy (Birth to 18 - 24 months)
- Early Childhood (2 - 5 years) - Biological Processes
COGNITIVE PROCESSES
THE SELF FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
(Period of Development) {C,B,S}
- Middle and Late Childhood (6-11 years)
- Adolescence (10 - 12 to 18 - 21 years)
- Early Adulthood (20s - 30s) - Socioemotional Processes
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
THE SELF FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
(Period of Development) {C,B,S}
- Middle Adulthood (40s - 50s)
- Late Adulthood ( 60s - 70s - death)
SOCIOEMOTIONAL PROCESSES
- view human nature as driven by unconscious processes, conflicts, and desires. Emphasis is placed on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.
- Conscious Mind → Preconscious Mind → Unconscious Mind
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES
(PROPONENTS OF PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORIES)
BY SIGMUND FREUD
- One’s development is influenced by childhood experiences and the unconscious mind.
Key Concepts:
+ Psychosexual Stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)
+ Levels of Psyche (id, ego, superego)
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
(SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES)
{ Or, An, Pha, La, Ge }
- 0-1 year old
- Children derive pleasure from oral activities, including sucking and tasting. They like to put things in their mouths.
Oral Stage
(SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES)
{ Or, An, Pha, La, Ge }
- 2-3 years old
- Children begin potty training
Anal Stage
(SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES)
{ Or, An, Pha, La, Ge }
- 3-6 years old
- Boys are more attracted to their mother, while girls are more attracted to their father.
Phallic Stage
(SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES)
{ Or, An, Pha, La, Ge }
- 6 years old to puberty.
- Children spend more time and interact mostly with same sex peers.
Latency Stage
(SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES)
{ Or, An, Pha, La, Ge }
- Beyond Puberty
- Individuals are attracted to opposite sex peers.
Genital Stage
FREUD’S (3) THEORY OF THE PERSONALITY
ID, EGO, & SUPEREGO
BY ERIK ERIKSON
- individuals experience eight stages in their lifetime, each with its own crisis that shapes personality and involves the person’s relationship with others. These stages are believed to play a significant role in an individual’s overall development.
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY (8) {I,EC, PA,SA, A, EA, A, OA}
BY CARL JUNG
- Believed that self is formed by an individual’s past experiences, their goals, hopes, and aspirations.
He also claims that people have a collective unconscious, with opposing and co-existing archetypes that highly influence the person.
Archetypes refer to a collection of archaic images and characters that move unconsciously to organize experiences (Jung, 1968).
PERSONALITY/ANALYTICAL THEORY
(THE FOUR MAJOR JUNGIAN ARCHETYPES)
is how we present ourselves to the world. The word “____” is derived from a Latin word that literally means “mask.” It is not a literal mask, however.
THE PERSONA
(THE FOUR MAJOR JUNGIAN ARCHETYPES)
is a Jungian archetype that consists of sex and life instincts. It is part of the unconscious mind and is composed of repressed ideas, weaknesses, desires, instincts, and shortcomings.
THE SHADOW
(THE FOUR MAJOR JUNGIAN ARCHETYPES)
is the feminine part of the male psyche, and the animus is the male part of the female psyche.
ANIMA/ANIMUS
(THE FOUR MAJOR JUNGIAN ARCHETYPES)
is an archetype that represents the unified consciousness and unconsciousness of an individual. Jung often represented the self as a circle, square, or mandala.
THE SELF
BY ALFRED ADLER
- Each person is primarily a social being.
Our personalities are shaped by our unique social environments and interactions, not by our efforts to satisfy biological needs.
The conscious, not the unconscious, was at the core of personality.
Rather than being driven by forces we cannot see and control, we are actively involved in creating ourselves and directing our future.
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
BY MELANIE KLEIN
- Adult personality is rooted from the early experiences of an individual.
- The milestone of a normal social development of self with Klein starts from the perception that the mother is bad if her breast is not given to the baby or the perception that the mother is good if her breast is always available for them (paranoid-schizoid).
Understanding how we internalize our early childhood attachments and how those beliefs affect our later relationships.
OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY
BY KAREN HORNEY
She describes self as having four divisions (Brinich & Shelley, 2002):
1. Ideal self: perfect image of an individual.
2. Actual self: is also known as the objective “me” or simply refers to other’s perception of them.
3. Real self: refers to the subjective “me” of the person that includes the unconscious elements and capacity for being.
4. Despised real self: which refers to the reservoir of the tyranny of should, negative self-evaluation, feelings of inadequacy and unworthiness.
PSYCHOANALYTIC SOCIAL THEORY/FEMININE PSYCHOLOGY
(HUMANISTIC THEORIES)
BY ABRAHAM MASLOW
- Assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health, that is, self-actualization.
HOLISTIC DYNAMIC THEORY
S-A, E, L/B, S, P
MASLOW’S (5) HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
- Self - Actualization
- Esteem
- Love/Belonging
- Safety
- Physiological
(MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS) {S.E.L.S.P}
are the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person’s potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth, and peak experiences.
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
(MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS) {S.E.L.S.P}
are the fourth level in Maslow’s hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishment, and respect.
ESTEEM
