the psychodynamic approach

Question 1

what are the assumptions of the approach?

Answer 1

• we are only aware of our conscious
• our mind is made up of the conscious, preconscious and unconscious
• the unconscious contains many innate drives that have an influence on us and also contains represses memories
• the preconscious has thoughts which we may become aware of during paraprates

Question 2

what is Freud’s theory of personality structure?

Answer 2

the personality is made up of the id, ego and superego

Question 3

what is the id?

Answer 3

the primitive and innate needs that operate on the pleasure principle and aims to get gratification at any cost

Question 4

when does the id develop?

Answer 4

it is present at birth

Question 5

what is the ego?

Answer 5

the equality principle which mediates between the id and superego using defence mechanisms

Question 6

what defence mechanisms does the ego have?

Answer 6

repression, denial, displacement

Question 7

what it repressions?

Answer 7

forcing memories ou of the conscious

Question 8

what is denial?

Answer 8

claiming/believing that what is true is actually false

Question 9

what is displacement?

Answer 9

transferring feelings from the target to a substitute target

Question 10

what is the superego?

Answer 10

the internal sense of right and wrong, based on moral principle and punished the ego

Question 11

when is the superego formed?

Answer 11

at the end of the phallic stage around 5 years old

Question 12

what is Freud’s theory of personality development?

Answer 12

there are 5 psychosexual stages each having a different conflict the child must solve

Question 13

what happens if mental conflicts in the psychosexual stages are not resolved?

Answer 13

the child becomes fixated and causes certain behaviours in adulthood

Question 14

what are the five psychosexual stages in order?

Answer 14

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 15

what age is the oral stage?

Answer 15

0-1 years old

Question 16

what age is the anal stage?

Answer 16

1-3 years old

Question 17

what age is the phallic stage?

Answer 17

3-5 years old

Question 18

what age is the latency stage?

Answer 18

7 years old to puberty

Question 19

what age is the genital stage?

Answer 19

puberty to adolescents

Question 20

what is the oral stage?

Answer 20

pleasure in the mouth

Question 21

what is the anal stage?

Answer 21

pleasure in the anus expelling or holding faeces

Question 22

what is the phallic stage?

Answer 22

pleasure in the genital area (Oedipus and Electra complex) where scopophilia

Question 23

what is scopophilia?

Answer 23

infant voyeurism

Question 24

what happens in the latency stage?

Answer 24

earlier unresolved conflicts are repressed

Question 25

what is the genital stage?

Answer 25

sexual desires become conscious alongside the onset of puberty and stages are revisited

Question 26

how is the oral stage revisited in the genital stage?

Answer 26

exploring the taste of new foods

Question 27

how is the anal stage revisited in the genital stage?

Answer 27

authority

Question 28

how is the phallic stage revisited in the genital stage?

Answer 28

sexual relations

Question 29

when does the ego develop?

Answer 29

anal stage

Question 30

what happens if conflicts in the oral stage are not resolved?

Answer 30

smoking, problems with food and drink, nail-biting, sarcastic, critical, gullible

Question 31

what happens if conflicts in the anal stage are not resolved?

Answer 31

anal-retentive- perfectionist, obsessive, stubborn, stingy

repulsive- thoughtless, messy

Question 32

what happens if conflicts in the phallic stage are not resolved?

Answer 32

narcissism, reckless, homosexual

Question 33

what happens if conflicts in the genital stage are not resolved?

Answer 33

difficulty forming heterosexual relationships

Question 34

what is learnt in the oral stage?

Answer 34

relationships

Question 35

what is learnt in the latency stage?

Answer 35

gender, gender relations, parents relationship

Question 36

what is the Oedipus complex?

Answer 36

when a boy develops feelings towards their mother and hated for their fathers, and fearing castration repress their feelings for their mothers and identify with their fathers through gender roles and moral values

Question 37

what if the parents deal with the Oedipus complex harshly?

Answer 37

the child may carry shame and guilt for wanting attention

Question 38

what if the parents deal with the Oedipus complex too leniently?

Answer 38

narcissism

Question 39

what is the little Hans case study

Answer 39

a 5-year-old boy who developed a phobia a horse after seeing one collapse in the street, Freud suggests the phobia was a displacement of his fear of castration by his father so the hose was a symbolic representation o his fear

Question 40

what is the Electra complex?

Answer 40

a girls penis envy for her father and hatred of their mothers with they replace with aa desire for a baby, therefore, identify with ther mothers

Question 41

why is childhood experience important?

Answer 41

later experiences may cause earlier trauma to be revisited

Question 42

what are the strengths of this approach?

Answer 42

• a dominant force in psychology
• explains personality and moral development, abnormal behaviour and gender
• freuds observation was detailed and well recorder
• therapy application: psychoanalysis
• simple to understand
• treats the cause and not a symptom

Question 43

what are the weaknesses of this approach?

Answer 43

• small sample or case studies of those in therapy
• is not faulsification
• highly subjective with no scentific crediility or evidence
• psychoanalysis can be inappropriate and harmful (schizophrenia) and is slow
• confirmation bias
• Freud was androcentric
• cannot establish cause and effect