The prokaryotes strike back Flashcards
What are the four different ways of antibiotic resistance?
- Efflux
- Immunity and bypass
- Target modification
- Inactivation of enzyme
Cabapenem resistance is the drug of last resort. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
With cabapenem, specific resistant pathogens have merged that prevent successful antiobiotic interventio. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Multi drug resistance M TB, is linked to non compliance and soical factors. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What is the mechanism of action for Multi drug resistance M TB?
Efflux
target modification
inactivation of enzyme
immunity and bypass
What is the mechanism of action for b-lactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides,macrolides and quinolones?
b-lactams- Inactivate peptidoglycan synthesis
glycopeptides - Bind to precursor peptidoglycan
aminoglycosides - inhibit protein synthesis
macrolides - Inhibit protein synthesis
quinolones - inhibit DNA synthesis
S. aures has reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What is the reason for the reduced susceptibility of vancomycin to S. aures?
Increased level of peptidoglycan and precursors
What is intrisinc acquired resistance and what is determined and expressed by?
inherent features which prevent action of antibiotic which is determined and expressed by genetic material contained within the chromsome
What si acquired resistance and what is determined by?
-resistant strains emerge from previously sensitive bacterial populations
determined by acquisition of plasmids or transposons
Horizontal gene transfer occurs by transformation, conjugation and transduction. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
For vancomycin resistant enterococci, the resistance genes are on mobile elements. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What are transposons?
Discrete genetic elements capable of moving within the bacterial genome
Are transposons found in all organisms?
Yes
Transposition is capable of providing multiple copies. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Transposons are not capable of independent replication. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Transposons carry genetic material encoding for antibiotic resistance. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What is conservative transposition?
DNA replication does not occur so transposon is removed from site of the original chromosome
Vacomycin is NOT a member of the peptidoglycan family. TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE
Vacomycin prevents glycosilation and transpeptidation by binding in peptidoglycan precusors . TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Vancomycin only works on gram positive bacteria and cannot cross out of the membrane negative bacteria. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Vancomycin is mostly used for MDR Stph infections, PATIENTS WITH SENSITIVITY TO PENICILLIN AND C.DIFFICE INFECTIONS. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
In Replicative transposition
Transposase is responsible for excision and transfer
Resolvase is responsible for resolution of the transfer. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What does B lactam antibiotics inhibit?
crosslinking step of peptidoglycan synthesis
