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Darren moss lecture's > The prokaryotes strike back > Flashcards

The prokaryotes strike back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four different ways of antibiotic resistance?

A
  • Efflux
  • Immunity and bypass
  • Target modification
  • Inactivation of enzyme
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2
Q

Cabapenem resistance is the drug of last resort. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

With cabapenem, specific resistant pathogens have merged that prevent successful antiobiotic interventio. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Multi drug resistance M TB, is linked to non compliance and soical factors. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Multi drug resistance M TB?

A

Efflux
target modification
inactivation of enzyme
immunity and bypass

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action for b-lactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides,macrolides and quinolones?

A

b-lactams- Inactivate peptidoglycan synthesis
glycopeptides - Bind to precursor peptidoglycan
aminoglycosides - inhibit protein synthesis
macrolides - Inhibit protein synthesis
quinolones - inhibit DNA synthesis

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7
Q

S. aures has reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What is the reason for the reduced susceptibility of vancomycin to S. aures?

A

Increased level of peptidoglycan and precursors

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9
Q

What is intrisinc acquired resistance and what is determined and expressed by?

A

inherent features which prevent action of antibiotic which is determined and expressed by genetic material contained within the chromsome

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10
Q

What si acquired resistance and what is determined by?

A

-resistant strains emerge from previously sensitive bacterial populations
determined by acquisition of plasmids or transposons

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11
Q

Horizontal gene transfer occurs by transformation, conjugation and transduction. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

For vancomycin resistant enterococci, the resistance genes are on mobile elements. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

What are transposons?

A

Discrete genetic elements capable of moving within the bacterial genome

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14
Q

Are transposons found in all organisms?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Transposition is capable of providing multiple copies. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Transposons are not capable of independent replication. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

17
Q

Transposons carry genetic material encoding for antibiotic resistance. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

18
Q

What is conservative transposition?

A

DNA replication does not occur so transposon is removed from site of the original chromosome

19
Q

Vacomycin is NOT a member of the peptidoglycan family. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

20
Q

Vacomycin prevents glycosilation and transpeptidation by binding in peptidoglycan precusors . TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

21
Q

Vancomycin only works on gram positive bacteria and cannot cross out of the membrane negative bacteria. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

22
Q

Vancomycin is mostly used for MDR Stph infections, PATIENTS WITH SENSITIVITY TO PENICILLIN AND C.DIFFICE INFECTIONS. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

23
Q

In Replicative transposition
Transposase is responsible for excision and transfer
Resolvase is responsible for resolution of the transfer. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

24
Q

What does B lactam antibiotics inhibit?

A

crosslinking step of peptidoglycan synthesis

25
Q

What does PBPs stand for?

A

penicillin binding proteins

26
Q

What does PBPs do?

A

catalyse final steps of peptidoglycan synthesis

27
Q

Multiple PBPs are not important for cell viability. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

28
Q

The b-lactams acylate the active site serine residue of

PBPs to inhibit transpeptidation. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

29
Q

What are the activity of B lactams determined by?

A

by affinity for PBPs, stability to b-lactamases and membrane permeability

30
Q

Most MRSA are multi-drug resistant (MDR-MRSA) but are susceptible to vancomycin. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

Darren moss lecture's (3 decks)

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