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Darren moss lecture's > Prokaryotes inside and out > Flashcards

Prokaryotes inside and out Flashcards

1
Q

What is 5 things are required for a pathogenic bacteria to cause disease?

A
  1. Encounter and gain access to host
  2. Evade defence mechanism
  3. Colonise and maintain colony (replicate)
  4. Result in host toxicity or damage (e.g TB)
  5. Potential for spread of infection (not always the case)
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2
Q

What are the key features of a prokaryote cell?

A
  • Structurally simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells
  • No membrane bound organelles e.g mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, no nucleus
  • Singular circular DNA genome (some exceptions)
  • Plasmid DNA free in cytoplasm
  • Enzymes and ribosomes free in cytoplasm
  • Rigid, complex cell wall with appendages
  • Extreme adaptation to environment (pH, enzymes, viscosity)
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3
Q

What is the flagella used for?

A

Used for motility and as a sensory organelle

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4
Q

What are fimbriae and pili used for?

A

Cell adhesion

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5
Q

What is the importance of sex pili?

A

For movement of DNA between cells by conjugation

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6
Q

Capsule surrounds certain gram+ve and gram-ve bacteria. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What is the capsule consisted of ?

A

Polysaccharides

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8
Q

Does the capsule aid in cell adherence?

A

YES

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9
Q

Capsule is not currently targeted by treatment. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

The capsule provides protection from neutrophils. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What is the peptidoglycan made up of?

A

Disaccharides and amino acids

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12
Q

The cell wall of a bacteria does not contain a peptidoglycan layer. TRUE OR FALSE/

A

FALSE

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13
Q

Cell wall is a common target for antibacterial therapy. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What is the periplasm?

A

Aqueous gel like region between to membranes of gram negative bacteria

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15
Q

Periplasm contains enzymes associated with nutrient acquisition and transport and contains defence enzymes used to resist antibiotics. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What structures does the cell wall in a gram positive bacteria contain in its outer membrane?

A

Lipopolysaccharides and Braun’s lipoprotein which anchors the outer membrane

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17
Q

What is the function of the outer membrane of a gram negative bacteria?

A

Porins allow passive diffusion of molecules into the periplasmic space

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18
Q

LPS is a lipid A embedded in membrane, is a core polysaccharide and contains KDO. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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19
Q

LPS is antigenic and varies between cells. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

20
Q

There is a net negative charge over cell surface of gram negative bacteria. TRUE FALSE?

A

TRUE

21
Q

Gram negative bacteria can be decolourized to accept counter stain (Safranin or Fuchsine); stain red. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

22
Q

Gram positive bacteria retain crystal violet dye and stain dark violet or purple. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

23
Q

What are the three types of active transport in bacteria?

A
  1. PMF driven transport
  2. ABC transport (ATP binding cassette)
  3. Group translocation
24
Q

What does the cytoplasmic membrane contain?

A

Cytoplasm which regulates transport

25
Q

The cytoplasmic membrane is the site of assembly of cell wall components. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

26
Q

The nucleoid is associated with histone proteins. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

27
Q

The Nucleoid is circular, supercoiled and double stranded. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

28
Q

Where is the prokaryote DNA found?

A

In the plasmids

29
Q

What are plasmid and what do they contain?

A

They are small loops of extrachromosomal DNA and may contain genes that are expressed in response to certain situations.

30
Q

Plasmids can be used to transfer genes between cells, such as resistance to antibiotics. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

31
Q

The plamids cannot be incorporated into the chromosomes. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

32
Q

Single DNA strand is transeferd between cells by conjugation using the rolling circle replication. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

33
Q

Where are the ribosomes located in a prokaryote cell?

A

They are found free in the cytoplasm

34
Q

What type of ribosomes binds to mRNA, small 30S subunit or large 50S subunit?

A

30S subunit

35
Q

Large 50S subunit competes with the 70s ribosome. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

36
Q

What type of bacteria is Streptococcus pneumonia and what does it cause?

A

Gram positive and causes respiratory infections

37
Q

What type of bacteria is E.coli and what areas of the body can it be found or cause disease?

A

Gram negative and it can be found in urinary and nosocomal infections

38
Q

E.coli does not contain a flagella and fimbriae. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

39
Q

E.Coli 0157:H7 is a gram negative bacteria that has no flagella or fimbriae, works anaerobically/conditions and causes haemorragic disease dut ot its toxic secretion. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

40
Q

What type of bacteria is Clostridium difficile, what conditions does it work in and where is it found?

A

Gram positive, works in anaerobic conditions and froms part of normal gut microflora

41
Q

What disease does Clostridium difficile bacteria cause?

A

Causes inflammation colitis and abdominal disease

42
Q

What type of bacteria is Helicobacter pylori and what type of disease is it associated with?

A

Gram negative spirals, moves using flagella and is associated with chronic superficial gastritis

43
Q

What type of bacterium is mycobacterium tuberculosis and where foes it reside?

A

Gram positive, moves using flagella and is able to reside inside tissues due to hydrophobic cell wall

44
Q

What type of bacterium is staphylococcus aureus and what dieases does it cause?

A

Gram positive cocci, it causes a variety of infcetions and disease

45
Q

Which bacteria is associated with causing MRSA?

A

staphylococcus aureus

Darren moss lecture's (3 decks)

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