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week 15 > the professional > Flashcards

the professional Flashcards

1
Q

what is GSL-PO

A

Where the legal category is general sales list, but they want the product to only be sold from pharmacies

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2
Q

What is the definition of a diagnosis?

A

It is the art of identifying a disease from its signs or symptoms

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3
Q

What is the definition of clinical reasoning?

A

The ability to mobilise interpret and physically manage knowledge and doubt in a clinical context

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4
Q

What is the definition of differential diagnosis?

A

The process of differentiating between two or more conditions which are similar in signs or symptoms

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5
Q

what is the model for clinical consultations? (calagry Cambridge model)

A

initiating the session

Gathering information

Physical examination

Explanation and planning

Closing session

This provides structure and build a relationship

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6
Q

what is PC

A

presenting complaint

Main symptoms. A patient has or diagnosis if one has been made.

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7
Q

what is HPC

A

history of presenting condition

Symptoms in recent past, that has led to a diagnosis being made or a referral to hospital or GP

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8
Q

what is PMH

A

past medical history

Should include childhood illnesses, adult illnesses, surgical procedure, obstetric, record, psychiatric history

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9
Q

what is Dx or DHx

A

drug history

Recent and currently prescribed medication, non-prescription medicines, including herbal and homeopathic

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10
Q

what else should be included in DH

A

allergies

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11
Q

what does NKDA stand for

A

no known drug allergies

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12
Q

what does NKA stand for

A

No known allergies

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13
Q

what does SH stand for

A

social history

Smoking, alcohol, family, position, occupation, social support

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14
Q

what does FH stand for

A

Family history

Health of other relatives (parents)

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15
Q

What is an example of an open question

A

How can I help you today, what has brought you to the pharmacy today, how are you getting on with the new medicine?

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16
Q

What are examples of a leading question?

A

You don’t smoke do you?

17
Q

What are examples of a probing question?

A

you have said that you feel pain in the mornings can you tell me a bit more about That, can you describe the childs rash?

18
Q

What are examples of a closed question?

A

Do you have a headache, are you short of breath?

19
Q

what does WWHAM stand for

A

Who is the patient?
what are the symptoms?
how long have the symptoms mean present?
Action taken
Medication taken

20
Q

what does WWHAM not consider

A

General appearance
Social and lifestyle factors
Family history
Previous symptoms

21
Q

Give four reasons why active listening, is vitally important

A

paraphrasing
Summarising
Clarifying
Reflection

22
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

The study of epidemics

23
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health related behaviour, or other health related events, clearly in excess of normal expectancy

24
Q

What is an endemic?

A

An endemic is a term used to describe a disease or a species that is regularly found and present in a particular population

25
Q

What do epidemiologists do

A

they measure the disease frequency in populations by using rates.

26
Q

How do you calculate the rate?

A

The number of events/population at risk

27
Q

What is the definition of incidence?

A

A measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time

The rate at which new cases occur in a population during a specified period

28
Q

What is the definition of prevalence?

A

The proportion of a population that are cases at a given time

29
Q

How do you calculate prevalence?

A

prevalence = a/a+b

30
Q

What is the definition of point prevalence

A

The proportion of people in a population who have a disease or condition at a particular time

This tends to underestimate the actual frequency of disease

31
Q

What is period prevalence?

A

Measured over a specified period of time, for example a year

32
Q

What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?

A

prevalence is all of the individuals affected by a disease within a particular period of time

Whereas incidence measures the number of new individuals who contacted disease during a particular period of time

33
Q

what is pharmacoepidemiology?

A

Effusion of clinical pharmacology and epidemiology

34
Q

What is the definition of health inequalities?

A

Health inequalities are unfair and avoidable differences in health across the population. And between different groups within society. Health inequalities, arise, because of the conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work, and age. These conditions influence our opportunities for good health, and how we think, feel and act, and this shapes are mental health, physical, health and well-being.

35
Q

what is a definition to the inverse care law

A

The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for the populations that. This inverse care law operates more completely were medical care is most exposed to market forces, unless so where such exposure is reduced. The market distribution of medical care is primitive and historically outdated social phone, and can you return to it with father, exaggerate the mall distribution of medical resources.

36
Q

How can poverty affect health?

A

Low income limits peoples choices and militates against desirable changes in behaviour

Living in poverty can cause stress and anxiety which can damage peoples health

Income provides the needs for health, such as a shelter, food, warmth, and the ability to participate in society

37
Q

What is the policy process?

A

Why governments exert an influence on the health status of the population that they governed by the policy process

38
Q

What did the national health service act of 1946 ensure

A

services to be free at the point of use

Services to be financed from central taxation

Everyone to be eligible for care

39
Q

What is the nudge theory?

A

Knowledge, as we will use the time, is any aspect of the choice, architecture that alters peoples behaviour in a predictable way, without for bidding any options. Or significantly changing that economic incentives. To count as a main knowledge, the intervention must be easy and cheap to avoid. Notches are not mandates. Putting fruit at eyelevel counts as a nudge. Banning junk food does not

week 15 (3 decks)

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