THE PROCESS OF CONCEPTION, FERTILIZATION, IMPLANTATION

Question 1

Fertilization is also know as?

Answer 1

conception
fecundation
impregnation

Question 2

What is fertilization and where does it occur?

Answer 2

Union of sperm and ovum at the ampulla of fallopian tube

Question 3

ovum is viable for how many hours?

Answer 3

24-48 hours

Question 4

2 protective barriers of ovum

Answer 4

Zona Pellucida & Corona Radiata

Question 5

3 parts of sperm and their function

Answer 5

head - contains DNA
midpiece - contains mitochondria, provides ATP for sperm energy
tail - for locomotion

Question 6

set of natural physical changes that a sperm undergoes in order to be able to fertilize the ovum

Answer 6

Sperm Capacitation

Question 7

This reaction allows the sperm to penetrate zona pellucida and fuse with the egg plasma membrane.

Answer 7

Acrosomal Reaction

Question 8

Enzyme release by sperm that dissolves Corona Radiata

Answer 8

Hyaluronidase

Question 9

Dissolves zona pellucida & enters ovum

Answer 9

acrosin

Question 10

What is polyspermy

Answer 10

refers to multiple sperm entering ovum

Question 11

How is polyspermy prevented?

Answer 11

ovum plasma membrane undergoes changes

Question 12

happens when sperm swims up through the vagina and fertilizes an egg in the fallopian tube.

Answer 12

Conception

Question 13

Ovum is released every?

Answer 13

once a month

Question 14

What happens when ovum is not fertilized

Answer 14

degenerates and flushed though menstruation

Question 15

union of haploid gametes

Answer 15

Fertilization

Question 16

What are haploid gametes

Answer 16

ovum and sperm with 23 chromosomes each

Question 17

fertilized ovum

Answer 17

zygote

Question 18

zygote has how many chromosomes

Answer 18

46

Question 19

The sex of child depend on the?

Answer 19

Chromosome carried by the sperm (x-female or y-male)

Question 20

T or F: 50% of fertilized eggs are lost before a woman finds out she’s pregnant

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Series of mitotic cell division by zygote

Answer 21

Cleavage

Question 22

What happens to zygote during cleavage?

Answer 22

It slowly goes down to uterus

Question 23

What is a morula

Answer 23

a structure composed of 16-50 blastomeres (due to mitosis)

Question 24

traveling form of zygote

Answer 24

morula

Question 25

how many days does it take for morula to reach uterine cavity after fertilization?

Answer 25

3 - 4 days

Question 26

When does 1st cleavage occurs?

Answer 26

around 24 hours after fertilization

Question 27

What happens to morula after 3-4 days from reaching the uterine cavity

Answer 27

it is filled with liquid and turns into a blastocyst

Question 28

2 Layers of Blastocyst

Answer 28

inner cell mass & trophoblast

Question 29

Blastocyst layer that will become the future embryo

Answer 29

inner cell mass

Question 30

Inner cell mass 3 Primary germ layer (that will develop into primary systems)

Answer 30

1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. endoderm

Question 31

The tissue layer of inner cell mass

Answer 31

ectoderm

Question 32

the inner layer on inner cell mass

Answer 32

endoderm

Question 33

other name of endoderm

Answer 33

entoderm

Question 34

body parts arising from ectoderm

Answer 34

1 CNS (brain and spinal chord) & PNS 2 Some Integumentary (hair, nails, skin epidermis, sebaceous and sweat glands, anus) 3 Salivary glands, oral glands, Mammary glands, Pituitary glands 4 mucus membranes of nose & mouth 5 Tooth enamel 6 Body proportions formed sense organs 7 Lens of eye

Question 35

body parts arising from mesoderm

Answer 35

Dermis Dentin of teeth Cardiovascular System (heart, arteries, Veins) Circulatory system Blood cells Lymph vessels Reproductive organs Muskulo-skeletal system (bones, cartilage, muscles, connective tissues, tendons, ligaments, bone marrow) Wall of digestive tract Spleen Urogenital system (upper portion, kidney, ureters)

Question 36

body parts arising from endoderm

Answer 36

Lining of the gastrointestinal tract (From pharynx to rectum) Tongue, tonsils, thyroid parathyroid Liver, pancreas Thymus (fro building immunity) Respiratory tract epithelium Lining of pericardial pleura and peritoneal cavities Lower urinary system (bladder & urethra)

Question 37

Other term for tropoblast

Answer 37

thropoderm

Question 38

Trophoblast turns into

Answer 38

placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid

Question 39

The hormone excreted by thropoblast

Answer 39

HCG

Question 40

HCG hormone

Answer 40

Human Chronic Gonadotropin

Question 41

HCG function

Answer 41

Prolongs the life of corpus luteum Basis for positive result of pregnancy

Question 42

Produces progesterone

Answer 42

Corpus luteum

Question 43

Daughter cells arising from mitotic cell division of zygote and forms 4 cell, 8 cell

Answer 43

Blastomeres

Question 44

Production of two daughter cells

Answer 44

mitosis

Question 45

What is implantation

Answer 45

Contact between the growing structure and the uterine endometrium

Question 46

Other term for implantation

Answer 46

indation

Question 47

When does implantation occurs?

Answer 47

7-10 days after fertilization

Question 48

site of implantation

Answer 48

Upper fundal portion or upper ⅓ of the uterus