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Maternal > THE PROCESS OF CONCEPTION, FERTILIZATION, IMPLANTATION > Flashcards

THE PROCESS OF CONCEPTION, FERTILIZATION, IMPLANTATION Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilization is also know as?

A

conception
fecundation
impregnation

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2
Q

What is fertilization and where does it occur?

A

Union of sperm and ovum at the ampulla of fallopian tube

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3
Q

ovum is viable for how many hours?

A

24-48 hours

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4
Q

2 protective barriers of ovum

A

Zona Pellucida & Corona Radiata

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5
Q

3 parts of sperm and their function

A

head - contains DNA
midpiece - contains mitochondria, provides ATP for sperm energy
tail - for locomotion

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6
Q

set of natural physical changes that a sperm undergoes in order to be able to fertilize the ovum

A

Sperm Capacitation

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7
Q

This reaction allows the sperm to penetrate zona pellucida and fuse with the egg plasma membrane.

A

Acrosomal Reaction

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8
Q

Enzyme release by sperm that dissolves Corona Radiata

A

Hyaluronidase

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9
Q

Dissolves zona pellucida & enters ovum

A

acrosin

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10
Q

What is polyspermy

A

refers to multiple sperm entering ovum

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11
Q

How is polyspermy prevented?

A

ovum plasma membrane undergoes changes

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12
Q

happens when sperm swims up through the vagina and fertilizes an egg in the fallopian tube.

A

Conception

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13
Q

Ovum is released every?

A

once a month

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14
Q

What happens when ovum is not fertilized

A

degenerates and flushed though menstruation

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15
Q

union of haploid gametes

A

Fertilization

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16
Q

What are haploid gametes

A

ovum and sperm with 23 chromosomes each

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17
Q

fertilized ovum

A

zygote

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18
Q

zygote has how many chromosomes

A

46

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19
Q

The sex of child depend on the?

A

Chromosome carried by the sperm (x-female or y-male)

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20
Q

T or F: 50% of fertilized eggs are lost before a woman finds out she’s pregnant

A

T

21
Q

Series of mitotic cell division by zygote

A

Cleavage

22
Q

What happens to zygote during cleavage?

A

It slowly goes down to uterus

23
Q

What is a morula

A

a structure composed of 16-50 blastomeres (due to mitosis)

24
Q

traveling form of zygote

A

morula

25
Q

how many days does it take for morula to reach uterine cavity after fertilization?

A

3 - 4 days

26
Q

When does 1st cleavage occurs?

A

around 24 hours after fertilization

27
Q

What happens to morula after 3-4 days from reaching the uterine cavity

A

it is filled with liquid and turns into a blastocyst

28
Q

2 Layers of Blastocyst

A

inner cell mass & trophoblast

29
Q

Blastocyst layer that will become the future embryo

A

inner cell mass

30
Q

Inner cell mass 3 Primary germ layer (that will develop into primary systems)

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. endoderm
31
Q

The tissue layer of inner cell mass

A

ectoderm

32
Q

the inner layer on inner cell mass

A

endoderm

33
Q

other name of endoderm

A

entoderm

34
Q

body parts arising from ectoderm

A

1 CNS (brain and spinal chord) & PNS
2 Some Integumentary (hair, nails, skin epidermis, sebaceous and sweat glands, anus)
3 Salivary glands, oral glands, Mammary glands, Pituitary glands
4 mucus membranes of nose & mouth
5 Tooth enamel
6 Body proportions formed sense organs
7 Lens of eye

35
Q

body parts arising from mesoderm

A

Dermis
Dentin of teeth
Cardiovascular System (heart, arteries, Veins)
Circulatory system
Blood cells
Lymph vessels
Reproductive organs
Muskulo-skeletal system (bones, cartilage, muscles, connective tissues, tendons, ligaments, bone marrow)
Wall of digestive tract
Spleen
Urogenital system (upper portion, kidney, ureters)

36
Q

body parts arising from endoderm

A

Lining of the gastrointestinal tract (From pharynx to rectum)
Tongue, tonsils, thyroid parathyroid
Liver, pancreas
Thymus (fro building immunity)
Respiratory tract epithelium
Lining of pericardial pleura and peritoneal cavities
Lower urinary system (bladder & urethra)

37
Q

Other term for tropoblast

A

thropoderm

38
Q

Trophoblast turns into

A

placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid

39
Q

The hormone excreted by thropoblast

A

HCG

40
Q

HCG hormone

A

Human Chronic Gonadotropin

41
Q

HCG function

A

Prolongs the life of corpus luteum
Basis for positive result of pregnancy

42
Q

Produces progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

43
Q

Daughter cells arising from mitotic cell division of zygote and forms 4 cell, 8 cell

A

Blastomeres

44
Q

Production of two daughter cells

A

mitosis

45
Q

What is implantation

A

Contact between the growing structure and the uterine endometrium

46
Q

Other term for implantation

A

indation

47
Q

When does implantation occurs?

A

7-10 days after fertilization

48
Q

site of implantation

A

Upper fundal portion or upper ⅓ of the uterus

Maternal (2 decks)

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