The Process and Significance of De-Nazification and 'Coming to Terms with the Past' in the 1950s Flashcards
What was used in the US zone in West Germany to judge if Germans were Nazis?
Frageboen - questionnaire
How many questions were in the Fragebogen?
133
If you wanted to work in the US zone what did you have to have?
A completed Fragebogen
What were the limitations of the Fragebogen?
- You could lie on the questionnaire
- Hitler Youth became compulsory after 1839 meaning that many people may have been wrongfully classed as Nazis
- Too many questions
- Delayed rebuilding lives
- Haven’t got enough people to sort through the questionnaires
- Depleted the number of skilled workers in the US zone
- A black market developed where certificates of de-Nazification were availible
In 1 lander, how many people were being investigated for possible Nazi sympathies?
2.5 million
When did the US zone introduce a new method that dealt with the problem with too many Germans having to be vetted?
October 1946
What new method was introduced to deal with the problem that too many Germans had to be vetted?
5 categories were decided upon with lesser offenders, who may have been members of the Nazi party but with little evidence they supported the regieme, being placed on prohbation for 2-3 years whilst they worked to rebuild Germany
How many Germans were found to be in the more serious Nazi category?
90,000
When were the Nuremburg Trials?
October 1946
Who did the allies maintain a particular focus on during de-Nazification?
Soldiers
Which prominent Nazi escaped from a prison camp ran by the allies?
Josef Mengeles - a Nazi doctor who carried experiments on people in Auschitz etc.
When was the first Auschwitz trial held?
Poland 1947
Which prominent Nazi was tried and exectued at the first Auschwitz trials?
Rudolf Hoss - the longest surving commander of the camp
How many people were tried and executed at the first auscwitz trials?
6
What was the aims of Adenauers policy of ‘Politics for the Past;?
Annulling many allied punishmnets for the millions of Germans who had been deemed to be Nazi sympathisers.
When was an amnesty legislation passed and how many Germans did it benefit?
1951 - 800,000
How many migrant workers were there from southern Europe in Germany?
8 million
When was the KPD banned and why?
1956 - supporting the USSR’s actions in East Germany during the 1953 uprising there
When and what was the Spiegel Affair?
1962 - journalists writing for Spiegel magazine had been arrested after criticising the FRGs armed forces
When did the second amnesty law pass?
1954
What did the second amnesty law do?
Annulled the British process of de-Nazification
How many people were exonerated by the second amnesty law?
400,000
When was the Neo Nazi Socialist Reich Party banned?
August 1852
What % of Adenauers foreign office diplomats were former Nazis?
66%
