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Germany 4 Establishing and Ruling the New Federal Republic 1946-60 > The Importance of Adenauer and the CDU in Shaping the New Federal Republic > Flashcards

The Importance of Adenauer and the CDU in Shaping the New Federal Republic Flashcards

1
Q

What were Adenauer’s political views (focusing on France and Prussia)

A
  • Wanted Germany to have a strong relationship with France
  • He blamed Prussia’s values of aggression and militarianism for the wars - he was determined to rid the new Germany of Prussian ideals
  • He believed Prussian militarianism was the reasons the Nazis formed and their aggressive foreign policy
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2
Q

When was Prussia removed as a state?

A

1947

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3
Q

What was Adenauer’s approach to the CDU and how was it to be different from the Weimar era?

A
  • Wanted to unite the catholics and protestants through the value of liberalism (trying to unite all Germans across Italy)
  • Adenauer belived that Weimar showed disunity between political parties because they were so small
  • By creating a large party that tried to unite all groups in Germany is quite different from Weimar
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4
Q

What were the major influencing factors on Adenauer’s policitical actions and decisions?

A
  • Relationship between the Western Allies and the USSR
  • European Economic Committee (EEC) - economic relationship with France would strengthen
  • Cold War and Korean War
    • Adenauer feared East Germany would replicate the actions of North Korea so he proposed the formation of an FRG army of 150,000
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5
Q

Why was the CDU popular with the Western Allies?

A

Because of its strong economic policies and anti-communist stance

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6
Q

Who ran the economic programme under the CDU?

A

Ludwig Erhard

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7
Q

How much did GDP increase by because of the economic programme under the CDU?

A

Trebeled during the 1850s

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8
Q

How did West Germany move to an advanced economy?

A

Using Marshall Plan money West Germany moved to an advanced economy based on electronics, cars, banking and education

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9
Q

Why did the CDU gain support from the Catholic Church?

A

The CDU were seen as a strong barrier to communism

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10
Q

What % of West Germany were Catholics?

A

45%

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11
Q

What % of Germany were Catholics pre 1945 united Germany?

A

30%

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12
Q

When was the first FRG election?

A

14th August 1949

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13
Q

What % of the Vote did the CDU gain in the first FRG election?

A

31%

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14
Q

What % of the vote did the SPD gain in the 1st election?

A

29.2%

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15
Q

How many seats did the CDU get compared to the SPD?

A

CDU = 139 seats

SPD = 131 seats

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16
Q

What was the main deciding factor between the CDU and SPD in the first FRG election?

A

Economic policy

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17
Q

What economic policy were the SPD proposing in the first FRG election?

A

A government controlled economic system

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18
Q

What economic policy were the CDU proposing in the first FRG election?

A

Free market based ‘social market economy’

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19
Q

Who did the CDU form a coalition with after the first FRG election?

A

Free Democratic Party and the German Party

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20
Q

How many seats did the coalition with the CDU account for in the Bunderstag?

A

208 of the 402

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21
Q

When was Adenauer elected chancellor?

A

15th September 1949

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22
Q

Who became the first president of the FRG?

A

Theodor Heuss

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23
Q

Who was the leader of the SPD party during the first election?

A

Kurt Schumacher

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24
Q

Why did Schumacher criticised Adenauer?

A

Said he was the leader of a weak coalition and that he was a puppet of the USA

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25
Q

Who was the Ulbricht group made up of?

A

German communists who were in exile or concentration camps under Nazi rule

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26
Q

Who was the first zone to allow political parties to form again?

A

Soviet Zone

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27
Q

Why were the soviets the first zone to allow the creation of political parties?

A

It was a deliberate plan to legitimise the organisation and promotion of the KPD

28
Q

Why did the KPD struggle to gain support from the East German people?

A
  • Close links with the USSR
    • Berlin rape
    • Looting carried out by soviet soldiers following the end of the war
    • Many Germans believed the anti-communist propaganda from Nazi Germany
29
Q

Which party became the largest party in GDR (East Germany)?

A

SPD

30
Q

When did the SPD and the KPD merge to form the Socialist United Party of Germany?

A

22nd April 1946

31
Q

Why is it thought to be the main reason why the KPD and the SPD merged to form the Socialist United Party of Germany (SED)?

A

Was not forced upon the SPD, but was a response to the failure of both parties during Weimar where the failure of the KPD and the SPD to work together helped the Nazis to come to power in 1933

32
Q

What were young people in the GDR strongly encouraged to be a part of?

A

Communist Free German Youth (FDJ)

33
Q

When and who set up the FDJ?

A

Erich Honecker in March 1946

34
Q

How much land did the government of the GDR nationalise by 1949?

A

60%

35
Q

How many estates in the GDR were redistributed?

A

7000

36
Q

When was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) form?

A

1951

37
Q

When did the European Economic Community (EEC) form?

A

1957

38
Q

In which years did wages double between?

A

1850-1864

39
Q

When was the Petersberg Aggreement?

A

22nd November 1949

40
Q

What did West Germany have to do after the Petersberg Aggreement?

A

Demilitarise and prevent the formation of the armed forces

41
Q

When was the Korean war?

A

1950-1953

42
Q

When did Adenauer propose the formation of an army of 150,000?

A

1950

43
Q

Who did Adenauer recieve opposition from when wanting to form an army?

A

SPD, Germany’s churches and trade unions

44
Q

When was the FRG’s second election?

A

6th September 1953

45
Q

What % of the vote did the CDU win in the 2nd FRG election?

A

45.2%

46
Q

When was the General Treaty?

A

5th May 1955

47
Q

What was agreed at the of the General Treaty?

A
  • Allied high commission dissolved
    • USA, UK and France were partially politically removed
    • Handed control of foreign policy to the FRG under NATO
  • West Germany had been granted full powers over economic and military policies
48
Q

What was set up alongside FRG joining NATO?

A

The Hallsteine Doctrine

49
Q

What was the Hallsteine doctrine a response to?

A

USSR’s recognition of the GDR as a sovergeign state - meaning re-unification was not going to happen soon

50
Q

What did the Hallsteine Doctrine say?

A
  • Any diplomatic recognition of the GDR by anyone other than the USSR was a hostile act against the FRG
  • No country could gain financial assitance from the FRG if it recognised the GDR
  • Reffered to the GDR as a ‘zone’ rather than a state
51
Q

When did the Hallsteine Doctrine end?

A

1972

52
Q

What was Adenauer’s motives behind the Hallstein Doctrine?

A
  • Re-unification
  • Containment of communism
  • Trading with emerging economies
  • Do well in elections
53
Q

What year did the CDU become the first political party in German to win an overall majority?

A

1957

54
Q

What % of the vote did the CDU win in the 1957 elections?

A

50.2%

55
Q

What was the CDU’s slogan in the 1957 election?

A

‘No Experiments’

56
Q

When did Adenuer successfully negotiate the release of the German Prisoners of War from the USSR?

A

1955

57
Q

When was there a Hungarian uprising against the communist rule there?

A

1865

58
Q

When did Erich Ollenhauer become leader of the SPD?

A

1852

59
Q

When was Ollenauer defeated?

A

1853

60
Q

When did the SPD enter a coalition with CDU?

A

1966

61
Q

Who was the second leader of the CDU after Adenauer?

A

Ludwig Erhard

62
Q

When did Ludwig Erhard resign as chacellor?

A

26th October 1966

63
Q

Who was the first SPD chancellor since 1928?

A

Willy Brandt

64
Q

What programme did the SPD adopt under Willy Brandt?

A

Godesburg Programme

65
Q

When was the Godesburg Programme adopted by the SPD?

A

1859

66
Q

What did the Godesburg Programme do?

A

Took the SPD away from its Marxist roots and into an economy, and also stated that the SPD would be willing to work with the CDU in a coalition, moving the SPD to a more capitalist direction

Germany 4 Establishing and Ruling the New Federal Republic 1946-60 (3 decks)

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