The problems of scpeticism Flashcards
Abduction
inference to any explanation
antirealism
view that explains knowledge throughout the EXISTENCE of the mind-independent world
cartesian scepticism
defining skeptical problems by means of skeptical alternatives
closure
if s knows that p, and that p rules out q, then s knows that q is ruled out
contextualism
s can know that p only if any alternative explanation q is not salient in the context
direct realism
Thomas Reid
Hallucinations and illusions are exceptions that MOST OF THE TIME, we DO perceive the mind-independent material world DIRECTLY
empiricism
view that all knowledge originates in sensory and perceptual experiences
indirect perception
we don’t perceive the world directly, perception is mediated by experimental intermediaries (sensations, ideas, impressions…)
indirect realism
view assuming indirect perception and explaining that the best explanation to realism is inference
inference to the best explanation
subclass of abduction. to identify the best among all possible explanations
metaphysical problem of skepticism
calling into question the mind-independent existence of the world
phenomenalism
human knowledge is confined to experimental intermediaries
realism
view that saves the existence of the mind-independent world, at the expense of the certainty of knowledge
response-dependence
the third way, between realism and antirealism, analyze the relation between mind-independent reality and sensory experience by means of dispositional properties
secondary qualities
dispositional properties that only manifest themselves under CERTAIN CONDITIONS in response of cognitive subjects (sound, color, smell…)
