The Presidency Under Eisenhower (1952-1960) Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Ike’s election victory significant for the Republicans?

A

He was the first Republican president in 20 years

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2
Q

What was Ike’s political stance before the elections?

A
  • He wasn’t very interested in politics
  • He turned down Truman in both 1947 and 1951 when he was asked to be the democratic candidate
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3
Q

Who was Ike’s opponent in the 1952 election?

A
  • Adlai Stephenson was the Democratic candidate with John Sparkman as his running mate
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4
Q

Who was Ike’s running mate?

A

Richard Nixon

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5
Q

Why was Ike’s presidential campaign successful?

A
  • His campaign ignored Stevenson and attacked Truman as a formula for victory (K1C2)
  • He was a war hero who had ended the Korean War
  • He had a simple slogan ‘I like Ike’
  • He used TV for his campaign (“You like Ike, I like Ike, Everybody likes Ike for president”)
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6
Q

What was K1C2?

A

It stands for ‘Korea, Communism, and Corruption’ which represented Ike’s key attacks on the Democrats

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7
Q

What was the result of the 1952 election?

A
  • Ike won with 442 electoral votes and 55.2% of the popular vote
  • 61.1% of the population voted in this election
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8
Q

What was the result of the 1956 election?

A
  • Ike ran again against Adlai Stephenson despite his 1955 heart attack
  • He won 457 of the electoral vote and 57.4% of the popular vote
  • 59.3% of the population voted in this election
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9
Q

Which party was in control of Congress for the majority of Ike’s presidency?

A

The Democrats were in control after winning the 1954 midterm

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10
Q

What was Ike’s domestic policy called?

A

Dynamic Conservatism (conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to human beings)

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11
Q

What years did Ike achieve a balanced budget?

A

1956, 57, and 60

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12
Q

What were some of Ike’s domestic policy successes?

A
  • He created a new Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
  • He expanded the Social Security benefit to reach 1 million Americans
  • He increased the minimum wage by 25%
  • He made $500 million available for low-income public housing
  • He made the 1956 Federal Highway Act (4,000 miles of Interstate highways built over 20 years)
  • He made Alaska and Hawaii states
  • He established two Civil Rights Acts in 1957 and 1960
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13
Q

What was Ike’s average approval rating during his presidency?

A

70%

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14
Q

How many of Ike’s bills were rejected by the Democratic heavy Congress?

A

only 10 out of 83

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15
Q

What were the problems Ike faced in his final years as president?

A
  • The Republicans did badly in the 1958 midterms
  • His administration was blamed for a second recession in 8 years
  • He was blamed for losing the Space Race
  • He struggled to reduce spending (rose from 31% in 1953 to 49% in 1961)
  • One in four Americans were still living in poverty
  • He struggled to integrate the Indigenous people with mainstream society (like through the 1956 Indian Relocation Act)
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16
Q

How was Ike involved with religion?

A
  • He proclaimed national days of prayer
  • His administration added the words ‘under God’ to the pledge of allegiance
  • Congress made the phrase ‘In God we trust’ the national motto
  • He invited the evangelist Billy Graham to the White House
17
Q

What was Nixon like as Ike’s Vice President?

A
  • He was known for his involvement in the Alger Hiss case and was picked by Ike to balance the ticket as he was better versed in political affairs
  • He was known as ‘Tricky Dicky’
  • He was a bit problematic and often accused of corruption
18
Q

What was the Checkers speech?

A
  • A televised speech given by Nixon in September 1952 after being accused of using $18,000 of political donations for his personal use
  • Nixon defended himself and his integrity, stating that he would not return a gift of a dog named Checkers that had been given to his family. The speech became famous for its emotional appeal
19
Q

How did McCarthy lead to his own downfall?

A
  • In 1954, he accused the army of having communist influences live on television
  • This led to people turning on him and Joseph Welch, a lawyer for the army, asking him ‘Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last’?
  • He eventually died of alcoholism in 1957
  • Ike referred to his downfall as McCarthywasm