The Pneumonia Syndrome Flashcards
What are the 3 main pathogeneses of penumonia?
- aspiration
- inhalation
- hematogenous
what are the 4 main pulmonary defense mechanisms?
- nasal filtration
- upper airway reflexes
- mucociliary funx
- alveolar macrophages/IgA/C’
What are the major pathogens causing pneumonia in children (highest to lowest prevalence):
- respiratory syncytial virus
- parainfluenza virus
- influenza A
- mycoplasma pneumoniae
- S. pneumoniae
- S. aureus
- H. influenzae
List the hospital acquired causes of pneumonia (pathogens) in order of most to least prevalent:
GN bacilli:
- Ecoli, Klebsiella
- P. aeruginosa
other GNB:
- S. aureus
- S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae
- Legionella
What 3 pathogens have caused pneumonia epidemics in the past?
- Respiratory viruses
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Legionella
What are the major ‘respiratory viruses’:
- Influenza A,B
- Parainfluenza virus
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- Human metapneumovirus (hMPV)
- Coronavirus, rhinovirus
- Adenovirus
What are the Sx of pneumonia?
What are the physical findings of pneumonia?
Sx: fever, chills, cough, sputum, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea
Physical: fever, tachypnea (RR >20/min), crepitations/rales, bronchial breathing
What are the major complications of pneumonia?
- lung abscess
- empyema, pleural effusion
- bacteremia, metastatic infection
What diagnostic tests are used for the following pathogens:
1. Resp. viruses
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella
- Resp virus: Nasopharyngeal swab, PCR
- Mycoplamsa: Nasopharyngeal swab, PCR
- Legionella: culture, urinary antigen serology, PCR
What is the Rx for pneumonia?
- Supportive therapy
- oxygenation
- hydration - Antimicrobial therapy
How can we best prevent pneumonia?
- Influenza vaccine
2. Pneumococcal vaccine
