THE PLANT KINGDOM Flashcards
Name 4 characteristics of plants
multicellular, eurkaryotic, autotrophic, cell walls made up of cellulose.
the plant kingdom consists of 5 main divisions, name them :
algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
4 characteristics of algae
primitive, most are aquatic, no roots, some exist in a symbiotic relationship.
the two groups of bryophytes.
Mosses and Liverworts
4 characteristics of bryophytes.
small land plants, non vascular plants, no proper roots, do not grow large in size.
name the moss external anatomy.
rhizoids, gametophytes, sporophyte, seta, spores, capsule.
what are pteridophytes ?
ferns
3 characteristics of pteridophytes.
large complex bodies, vascular tissue, waxy layer.
name the parts of the fern
rhizome, stalk, pinnule, pinna, axis, blade, frond.
what are gymnosperms ?
conifers
3 characteristics of gymnopsperms
trees or shrubs often with needle like leaves, well-developed vascular system, produce seeds.
what are angiosperms ?
flowering plants
3 characteristics of angiosperms.
biggest group of the plant kingdom, flowering plants, they have roots.
2 main categories of flowering plants
monocotyledons (monocots) , dicotyledons (dicots)
what are monocots ?
these are plants whose seeds have one cotyledon.
what are dicots ?
flowering plants that have two cotyledons in their seeds.
function of the stem in flowering plants:
carries food to all parts of the plant, holds and spaces out the leaves, holds up flower for pollination.
function of the leaf in flowering plants:
where most photosynthesis takes place, attach to the stem by means of a leaf stalk.
veins in dicots:
branch out in form of a network.
veins in monocots:
parallel to the mid rib.
function of the bud:
small parts of the plants which are developing into stem, leaves or flowers.
what are lateral buds:
found on the side of the stem and will develop into new branches of the plant.
what are apical buds:
found at the tip of the shoot and brings about the elongation of the stem.
function of the flowers;
reproductive structures of the plants,
monocots: flowers
in multiples of three
dicots: flowers
in multiples of 5
What is the function of the root?
to anchor the plant in the soil, to uptake of water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.
name the 2 different types of root systems
tap root system, fibrous root system.
explain the tap root system:
found in dicots, consists of a main root with several shorter roots coming out from it.
explain the fibrous system:
found in monocots. consists of several equal sized roots arising from the stem.
what do roots also contain.
root hairs.
