The Plant Kingdom

Question 0

Sporophyte

Answer 0

Developed from a zygote. The diploid form of a plant that produces haploid, asexual spores through meiosis.

Question 1

Alternation of Generations

Answer 1

A life cycle typical of plants in which a diploid sporphyte generation alternates with a haploid gametophyte generation.

Question 2

Gametophyte

Answer 2

Developed from a spore. A multicellular haploid plant that produces haploid sex cells by meiosis.

Question 3

Alt. of Generations Process

Answer 3

A diploid zygote develops into a diploid sporphyte by mitosis, which then produces haploid spores by meiosis. A haploid spore develops into a haploid gametophyte by mitosis, then produces haploid gametes by mitosis, followed by the fusion of sperm and eggs to make a diploid zygote.

Question 4

Algae

Answer 4

1. ) lack true roots, stems, leaves, and complex reproductive systems.
2. ) shed gametes directly into water.
3. ) have varied and complex life cycles.
4. ) colored by pigments that capture light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 5

Red Algae
(4000 species Rhodophyta)

Answer 5

Have red and green pigments and are mostly found in marine and multicellular forms in clear tropical waters.

Question 6

Brown Algae

1500 species Phaeophyta

Answer 6

Multicellular seaweeds, have brownish yellow and green pigments, and dominate cool marine coastal waters.

Question 7

Green Algae

7000 species, Chlorophyta

Answer 7

Mostly multicellular and colonial forms living in ponds and lakes. Land plants evolved from this algae.

Question 8

Reasons why land plants evolved from Green Algae:

Answer 8

1. ) similar types of chlorophyll and accessory pigments in green algae and land plants;
2. ) green algae and land plants store food as starch and have cell walls made of cellulose;
3. ) algae live in fresh water, leading to adaptations for life on land.

Question 9

Lignin

Answer 9

A stiffening polymer found in the conducting vessels of land plants to support the plant body.

Question 10

Cuticle

Answer 10

Waxy or fatty coating on the exposed surfaces of epidermal cells of many land plants, which aids in the retention of water.

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

An adjustable opening in a leaf that regulates the diffusion of carbon dioxide and water into and out of the leaf.

Question 12

Zoospores

Answer 12

(Algae) a nonsexual reproductive cell that swims using flagella.

Question 13

Bryophytes

16000 species, mosses and liverworts

Answer 13

Non vascular plants lacking true roots, stems, and leaves. They have rhizoids. Enclosed reproductive structures: archegonia and antheridia. They are confined to moist areas.

Question 14

Rhizoids

Answer 14

Anchoring structures that bring water and nutrients into the plant body and they then Diffuse throughout the body.

Question 15

Archegonia

Answer 15

Where eggs develop

Question 16

Antheridia

Answer 16

Where sperm develop. (Sperm must swim to eggs through a film of water.)

Question 17

Vessels

Answer 17

A tube of conducting cells, with perforated or missing end walls, leaving a continuous uninterrupted hollow cylinder.

Question 18

Vascular

Answer 18

Conducting tissue in land plants, contains the polymer lignin for rigidity.

Question 19

Seedless vascular plants

Answer 19

Smaller divisions of club mosses (lycophyta)
Horsetails (Sphenophyta)
Large division of ferns (pteridophyte)

Question 20

Seeds consist of:

Answer 20

1. ) embryonic plant;
2. ) supply of food for the embryo;
3. ) protective outer coat

Question 21

Monocots

Answer 21

Grasses, grains, and palms.

Question 22

Dicots

Answer 22

Trees,shrubs, and herbs