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Sabrina B154 > The plant body ch33 > Flashcards

The plant body ch33 Flashcards

1
Q

Organs

A

2 or more different tissues integrated into a structure that caries out a specific function

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2
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells and intercellular substances with the same structure and function as a unit to carry out one or more specialized tasks.

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3
Q

ground tissue system

A

1 of 3 basic tissue system in plants; includes all tissues other than dermal and vascular tissue.

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4
Q

vascular tissue system

A

1 of the 3 tissue systems in plants that provide the foundation for plant organs; it consists of transport tubes for water and nutrients

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5
Q

dermal tissue system

A

the plant tissue system that comprises the outer tissues of the plant body, including the epidermis and periderm; it serves as a protective covering for the plant body

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6
Q

root system

A

an underground ( or submerged) network of roots with a large surface area that favors the rapid uptake of soil water and dissolved mineral ions

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7
Q

shoot system

A

the stems and leaves of a plant

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8
Q

determinate growth

A

the pattern of growth in most animals in which individuals grow to a certain size and then their growth slows dramatically or stops

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9
Q

indeterminate growth

A

growth that is not limited by an organism’s genetic program, so that the organism grows for as long as it lives; typically most plants

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10
Q

meristems

A

an undifferentiated , permanently embryonic plant tissue that gives rise to new cells forming tissues and organs

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11
Q

apical meristem

A

a region of unspecialized dividing cells at shoot tips and root tips of a plant

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12
Q

primary tissues

A

a plant tissue that develops from an apical meristem

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13
Q

primary plant body

A

the portion of a plant that is made up of primary tissues

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14
Q

primary growth

A

the growth of plant tissues derived from apical meristems

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15
Q

secondary growth

A

plant growth that originates at lateral meristems and increases the diameter of older roots and stems

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16
Q

lateral meristems

A

a plant meristem that gives rise to secondary tissue growth

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17
Q

secondary tissue

A

the tissue that develops from lateral meristems

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18
Q

secondary plant body

A

the part of a plant made up of tissues that develop from lateral meristems

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19
Q

protoplast

A

the cytoplasm, organelles, and plasma membrane of a plant cell

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20
Q

parenchyma

A

a ground tissue with cells having a thin primary wall, which is pliable and permeable to water. Parenchyma cells may be specialized for photosynthesis, storage, secretion, or other tasks.

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21
Q

collenchyma

A

a ground tissue that flexibly supports rapidly growing plant parts. Its elongated cells are alive maturity and collectively often forms strands or a sheathlike cylinder under the dermal tissue of growing shoot regions and leaf stalks

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22
Q

sclerenchyma

A

a ground tissue in which cells develop thick secondary walls, which commonly are lignified and perforated by pits through which water can pass

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23
Q

sclereids

A

a type of sclerenchyma cell; sclereids typically are short short and have thick, lignified walls

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24
Q

fiber

A

in sclerenchyma, an elongated, tapered, thick-walled cell that gives plant tissue its flexible strength

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25
Q

tracheid

A

a conducting cell of xylem, usually elongated and tapered

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26
Q

vessels element

A

any of the short cells joined end to end in tubelike columns in xylem

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27
Q

vessel

A

one of the tubular conducting structures of xylem, typically several centimeters long; most angiosperms and some other vascular plants have xylem vessels

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28
Q

phloem

A

the food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant

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29
Q

sieve-tube elements

A

any of the main conducting cells of phloem that connect end to end, forming a sieve tube

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30
Q

companion cell

A

a specialized parenchyma cell that is connected to a mature sieve tube member by plasmodesmata and assists sieve tube members both with the uptake of sugars and with the unloading of sugars in tissues

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31
Q

epidermis

A

a complex tissue that covers an organism’s body in a single, continuous layer or sometimes in multiple layers of tightly packed cells

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32
Q

trichome

A

a single-celled or multicellular outgrowth of the plant epidermis; examples include root hairs and leaf trichomes that resembles hairs

33
Q

root hair

A

a tubular outgrowth of the outer wall of a root epidermal cell; root hairs absorb much of a plant’s water and minerals from the soil

34
Q

stomata

A

the opening between a pair of guard cells in the epidermis of a plant leaf or stem, through which gases and water vapor pass

35
Q

guard cells

A

either of a pair of specialized crescent-shaped cells that controls the opening and closing of the stomata in the plant tissue

36
Q

taproot system

A

a root system consisting of a single main root from which lateral roots can extend; often stores starch

37
Q

lateral roots

A

a root that extends away from the main root (or taproot)

38
Q

adventitious roots

A

a root that develops from the stem or leaves of a plant

39
Q

fibrous root system

A

a root system that consists of branching roots rather than a main taproot; roots tend to spread laterally from the base of the stem

40
Q

root cap

A

a dome shaped cell mass that forms a protective covering over the apical meristem in the tip of a plant root

41
Q

quiescent center

A

a region in a root apical meristem where there is no cell division

42
Q

zone of cell division

A

the region in a growing root that consists of the root apical meristem and the actively dividing cells behind it

43
Q

zone of elongation

A

the region in a root where newly formed cells grow and elongate

44
Q

exodermis

A

in the roots of some plants, an outer layer of root cortex that may limit water losses from roots and help regulate the absorption of ions

45
Q

endodermis

A

the innermost layer of the root cortex; a selectively permeable barrier that helps control the movement of water and dissolved minerals into the stele

46
Q

pericycle

A

a tissue of plant roots, located between the endodermis and the phloem, which give rise to lateral roots

47
Q

root primordia

A

a rudimentary (basic, elementary)root

48
Q

node

A

the point on a stem where one or more leaves are attached

49
Q

internode

A

the region between 2 nodes on a plant stem

50
Q

terminal bud

A

a bud that develops at the apex of a shoot

51
Q

axil

A

the upper angle between the stem and an attached leaf

52
Q

lateral buds

A

a bud on the side of a plant stem from which a branch may grow

53
Q

apical dominance

A

inhibition of the growth of lateral buds in a plant due to auxin diffusing down a shoot tip from the terminal bud

54
Q

initial

A

a plant cell that remains permanently as part of the meristem and gives rise to daughter cells that differentiate into specialized cell types

55
Q

derivative

A

one of the daughter cells produced when a plant cell divides; it typically divides once or twice and then enters on the path to differentiation

56
Q

primary meristems

A

root and shoot apical meristems, from which a plant’s primary tissues develop.

57
Q

protoderm

A

the primary meristem that will produce stem epidermis

58
Q

ground meristem

A

the primary meristematic tissue in plants that gives rise to ground tissues, mostly parenchyma

59
Q

pro-cambium

A

the primary meristem of a plant that develops into primary vascular tissue

60
Q

vascular bundles

A

a cord of plant vascular tissue; often multistranded with both xylem and phloem

61
Q

cortex

A

generally, an outer, rindlike layer. The outer region of tissue in a root or stem lying between the epidermis and the vascular tissue, composed mainly of parenchyma

62
Q

pith

A

the soft, spongelike, central cylinder of a plant stem, composed mainly of parenchyma

63
Q

thorn

A

a sharp, pointed modified plant stem that may serve to deter predation

64
Q

blade

A

the expanded part of a leaf that provides a large surface area for absorbing sunlight and carbon dioxide

65
Q

petiole

A

the stalk by which a leaf is attached to a stem

66
Q

leaf primordium

A

a lateral outgrowth from the apical meristem that develops into a young leaf

67
Q

mesophyll

A

the ground tissue located between the 2 outer leaf tissues, composed of loosely packed parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts

68
Q

veins

A

a vascular bundle that forms part of the branching network of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other expanded plant organ

69
Q

vascular cambium

A

a lateral meristem that produces secondary vascular tissues in plants

70
Q

cork cambium

A

a lateral meristem in plants that forms periderm, which in turn produces cork

71
Q

cork

A

a non-living, impermeable secondary tissue that is one element of bark

72
Q

wood

A

the secondary xylem of trees and shrubs, lying under the bark and consisting largely of cellulose and lignin

73
Q

bark

A

the tough outer covering of woody stems and roots, composed of all the living and non-living tissues between the vascular cambium and the stem surface

74
Q

periderm

A

the outermost portion of bark; consists of cork, cork cambium, and secondary cortex

75
Q

heartwood

A

the inner core of a woody stem; composed of dry tissue and non-living cells that no longer transport water and solutes and may store resins, tannins, and other defensive compounds

76
Q

sapwood

A

the newly formed outer wood located between heartwood and the vascular cambium. Compared with heartwood, it is wet, lighter in color and not as strong

77
Q

Xylem

A

the plant vascular tissue that distributes water and nutrients

78
Q

Zone of maturation

A

the region in a root above the zone of elongation where cells do not increase in length but may differentiate further and take on specialized roles

79
Q

stele

A

the central core of vascular tissue in roots and shoots of vascular plants; it consists of xylem and phloem together with supporting tissue

Sabrina B154 (5 decks)

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