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10th bio > The phases > Flashcards

The phases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Interphase G1

A

G1: The cell will grow to nearly full-size

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2
Q

Interphase S

A

S: This is when DNA in the nucleus is replicated

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3
Q

Interphase G2

A

The cell finishes growing

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4
Q

Prophase

A

Microtubules attach to the chromosomes

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5
Q

Metaphase

A

This is when the chromosomes align and attach to spindle fibers

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6
Q

Anaphase

A

The Chromosomes split and move to 2 ends of the cell

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7
Q

Telophases

A

Nuclear membranes reappear around the 2 sets of chromosomes

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8
Q

Cytokinesis

A

After mitosis 2 new cells are formed (Split into 2 cells with the same DNA)

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9
Q

What are the steps of Mitosis?

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

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10
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

Dividing the duplicated DNA of a cell into 2 new nuclei

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11
Q

what cells go through Mitosis

A

Blood cells and skin cells

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12
Q

Where is the DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?

A

in the nucleus

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13
Q

Why do cells go through Mitosis?

A

To grow, repair or replace damaged cells

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14
Q

How are tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes play a role in the cell cycle?

A

Tumor suppresser Tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division.
Proto-oncogenes makes sure that the cells divide

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15
Q

how can a cancerous cell invade the immune system?

A

Cancer cells do not possess the identifying proteins on their surface which allows them to not be recognized in the immune system.

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16
Q

compare and contrast normal and cancer cells

A
  • Normal cells stay in one place will cancer cells can travel all over
  • normal cells have a predetermined life, and cancer cells can liver forever
  • normal cells have a job they need to do while cancer cells are not functional
17
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

DNA

18
Q

What is cancer

A

Cell division is out of control.

19
Q

Be able to differentiate between plant and animal cell cytokinesis.

A

Animal cell has a cleavage furrow and splits into 2
Plant cell has a cell plate and cuts vertically

20
Q

How do checkpoints help regulate cell division?

A

G1– Makes sure the cell has enough nurturance for the next cell division
M — All chromosomes attach to spindle fibers
S – When DNA is copied with no errors

21
Q

Describe apoptosis and why it is needed/important.

A

Apoptosis is programmed cell death. to rid the body of cells that have been damaged beyond repair.

22
Q

What would happen if the spindle fibers were damaged?

A

The cell wouldn’t go through anaphase and then the chromosomes wouldn’t separate properly.

23
Q

Cancer cells can be described as____and_____

A

benign___ (good) and _malignant____ (bad).

10th bio (6 decks)

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