The Pharynx,Larynx And Neck Flashcards
Where does Eustachian tubes opens ?
Leading from middle ear cleft Opens in the posterior superior aspect of the lateral wall of nasopharynx
Tonsil is supplied by
Facial Artery and laterally a plexus of paratonsillar veins
Source of significant bleeding following tonsillectomy
Plexus of paratonsillar veins
In process of swallowing afferent fibres passing to
Medulla oblongata through V2 of V nerve , IX and X nerves
The efferent pathway in process of swallowing passing to
Neucleus Ambiguus via IX , X and XII nerves
What is the only complete ring in the entire airway?
The cricoid cartilage
What is the most narrow point of the airway and most common site for damage from an endotracheal tube?
Cricoid Cartilage
What nerve gives the sensory supply to the larynx above the true vocal folds?
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
What nerve gives the Sensory supply to the larynx below the true vocal folds ?
The recurrent laryngeal nerve
Which nerve supply the cricothyroid muscle?
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Which muscle abduct the vocal folds during respiration?
The posterior cricoaretynoid
What nerve injury causes failure of production of high pitch sound?
External branch of superior laryngeal nerve injury
Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury causes
Hoarseness of voice
Bilateral incomplete recurrent laryngeal nerve injury causes
Failure of abduction of vocal cords leading to cessation of breath. It is the most dangerous one.
Bilateral complete recurrent laryngeal nerve injury causes
Stridor and hoarseness of voice
What should be avoided in obstructive sleep apnoea?
Sedative pre-medications and opiate analgesic postoperatively because they may further depressed the child’s respiratory drive
The etiology factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma are
Cantonese population, EBV infection, salted fish eating and tobacco smoking
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly
Radio sensitive
The most common cause of acute tonsillitis is
Pyogenic group A Streptococcus
What is the most important epithelial tumour of oropharynx ?
Squamous cell carcinoma
The main cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is
HPV
What is the malignant tumours of hypopharynx?
Squamous cell carcinoma
A two year children having by biphasic strider hoarse with a typical barking cough the diagnosis is
Laryngotracheobronchitis / Croup
What type of incision is made in emergency tracheostomy?
Vertical
How much is the anatomical dead space?
150 ML
What is the most common tumour of larynx ?
Squamous cell carcinoma
From where does the branchial cyst develops?
Vestigial remnants of the second branchial cleft
Where can we find the BRANCHIAL cyst?
At the junction of upper third and middle third of sternomastoid muscle at its anterior border.
It is trans illuminate.
A persistent second Branchial cleft
Branchial fistula
A neonate is born the mother has obstructed labour and the cyst are having a single layer of epithelium with a Mosaic appearance. The swelling is present at the submandibular region. On examination it is brilliantly transilluminate. What is the diagnosis?
Cystic HYGROMA
Where does the ISTHMUS lies?
Over the second and third tracheal rings
Where do we find thyroglossal duct cyst ?
Found anywhere in or adjust to the midline from the tongue base to the thyroid isthmus
Thyroglossal duct cyst moves
Upwards on swallowing and with tongue protrusion
What is a discharging sinus of THYROGLOSSAL cyst?
When it become infected and rapture onto the skin of the neck
What is the name of operation of excision of the whole thyroglossal tract which also involves the removal of the body of hyoid bone ?
SISTRUNK’s operation
