The Pharmacy Management and Control

Question 1

It refers to the sum of those activities necessary for acquisition, storage, sale, disposal, or use of materials.

Answer 1

Inventory Management

Question 2

The Pharmacy Management and Control (2)

Answer 2

• Inventory Management
• Financial Management

Question 3

Is the heart of drug supply system. Without a healthy inventory management system, the drug supply system as a whole will not be feasible.

Answer 3

Inventory Management

Question 4

Inventory Management is described as an ___ of goods with its estimated worth (the cost of medicines transferred to the to the pharmacy for sale and issuance to patients). A monthly inventory of stocks is regularly submitted to the ___ .

Answer 4

itemized list; accounting section

Question 5

Purposes of Inventory Management (2)

Answer 5

• Operational
• Financial

Question 6

PURPOSES

To ensure the adequate supply of drugs conforming with the requirements of the hospital turn-over at a reasonable rate without carrying excess quantities.

Answer 6

Operational

Question 7

PURPOSES

To optimize the inventory investment at a given time, reduce the cost of handling, storage, issuance, interest and at the same time avoid losses from deterioration, expiry dates, pilferages and falling prices.

Answer 7

Financial

Question 8

OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS

• To have the ___ available when where needed
• To reduce undue strain on the ___
• To maximize utilization of available ___
• To provide area for ___ on drugs without compromising quality, and;
• To ensure minimal waste/expired drugs through ___

Answer 8

stock;
government’s scares resources;
storage facilities;
cost reduction;
proper storage management

Question 9

Types of Inventory Management (2)

Answer 9

• Physical Inventory
• Perpetual Inventory

Question 10

Types of Inventory Management

The quantity of inventory on hand is determined through the actual count of items as contrasted with accepting the values shown in records.

Answer 10

Physical Inventory

Question 11

Types of Inventory Management

___ physical inventory of drug products and other supplies is a ___ requirement to ensure that the hospital’s fiscal operation is properly recorded and that adequate inventory is maintained.

Answer 11

Semi-annual; Commission on Audit (COA)

Question 12

Types of Inventory Management

Physical Inventory
The best way to ensure that accuracy is maintained through ___ or to continually count available drug products. Count part of the inventory on any given day, and count each item several times per year. Most pharmacists in the hospitals undertake this process of inventory so as to check accuracy of the running balance recorded as against the actual count.

Answer 12

“cycling counting”

Question 13

Types of Inventory Management

Physical Inventory
Drugs/medicines received on the day of the inventory or shortly thereafter shall not be counted as clearly marked ___ .

Answer 13

“post inventory”

Question 14

Types of Inventory Management

A system where information on inventory and availability is updated in a continuous basis. With this type of inventory, cost of goods sold are recorded. This type keeps inventory at its current balance throughout the year.

Answer 14

Perpetual Inventory or Continuous Inventory

Question 15

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

A perpetual inventory system may be facilitated either through a manual system of ___ or by means of an ___ . The use of any of these systems would provide a hospital with a record of all inventory items, a maintained balance in quantity and monetary value.

Answer 15

visible index cards; electronic data system

Question 16

Types of Inventory Management

As provided for in the ___ , ___ on hospital operations, the pharmacist is held responsible and accountable for all drugs purchase.

Answer 16

Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC), Policy and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Question 17

Types of Inventory Management

Perpetual Inventory
The pharmacist shall develop an effective system in the control of ___ , ___ , and ___ of pharmaceuticals and raw materials used for compounding and for pharmaceuticals.

Answer 17

purchase, inventory, adequate maintenance

Question 18

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

IN ORDER TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AND PRECLUDE OVER AND UNDERSTOCK OF MEDICINES, PHARMACISTS SHOULD CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING FACTORS

Answer 18

• The information on the balance of the budget for drugs/medicines
• Selection of drug products to be held in stock
• Regular monitoring of drug products in stock
• Availability of alternative drugs/medicines
• The conditions such as seasonal demand
• The ratio of supply and demand
• Transportation and delivery time problems

Question 19

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

THE PROBLEMS OF OVERSTOCKING AND UNDERSTOCKING OF DRUGS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE FOLLOWING:

Answer 19

• Ineffective purchasing process
• Inefficient monitoring and control systems
• Incomplete submission of technical requirements
• Poor storage facilities
• Inadequate space for storage
• Time lag between requisition and purchase
• Transportation and delivery problems
• Geographical and climatic conditions

Question 20

Health care cost containment and financing efforts are exerting pressure on all hospitals departments to justify their cost and improve their services. Pharmacists in the hospital are faced with problems of rapidly escalating budget due to the rising cost of medicines and the difficulties to contain or reduce these costs.

Answer 20

Financial Management

Question 21

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

In addition, ___ allocated within the health system and the increase strain to reduce not only the cost of drug therapy, and also the total cost of providing pharmaceutical services add to the complexity of improving hospital services.

Answer 21

scares resources

Question 22

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

The ___ has always been identified as the restrictive factor in government hospitals that leaves very little funds for operational and capital needs.

Answer 22

limited budget

Question 23

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Relative to this, DOH created financing reforms for healthcare institutions under the ___ , to be able to secure, better and sustained investment in health.

Answer 23

FOURmula One Plan (F1)

Question 24

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

This involves strategic action plans that seek to provide equity and improve health outcomes, not only to benefit the underprivilege, but also the middle-income earners.

Answer 24

FOURmula One Plan (F1)

Question 25

F1 COMPONENTS

Answer 25

• Mobilizing resources from extra budgetary sources
• Coordinating local and national health spending
• Focusing direct subsidies to priority programs
• Adopting a performance based financing system
• Expanding the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP)
• In line with the F1 components, hospital pharmacists shall assist in identifying methods to archive reduction of drug expenditures and increase on pharmacy income

Question 26

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THE CHIEF PHARMACIST HAS ASSUMED THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE DELIVERY OF AN EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL FINACIAL MANAGEMENT AND UNDERTAKES THE FOLLOWING WITH THE AID OF THE PHARMACY STAFF:

Assist in the establishment of an effective formulary system in collaboration with the ___ and ___

Answer 26

Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, and hospital administration

Question 27

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THE CHIEF PHARMACIST HAS ASSUMED THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE DELIVERY OF AN EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL FINACIAL MANAGEMENT AND UNDERTAKES THE FOLLOWING WITH THE AID OF THE PHARMACY STAFF:

Initiates strategies that aim to control ___

Answer 27

drug product costs

Question 28

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THE CHIEF PHARMACIST HAS ASSUMED THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE DELIVERY OF AN EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL FINACIAL MANAGEMENT AND UNDERTAKES THE FOLLOWING WITH THE AID OF THE PHARMACY STAFF:

Implements ___ on procurement and resale of drug products that aims to control drug product costs.

Answer 28

DOH policies

Question 29

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THE CHIEF PHARMACIST HAS ASSUMED THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE DELIVERY OF AN EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL FINACIAL MANAGEMENT AND UNDERTAKES THE FOLLOWING WITH THE AID OF THE PHARMACY STAFF:

Promotes ___ among health professionals

Answer 29

rational drug use

Question 30

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THE CHIEF PHARMACIST HAS ASSUMED THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE DELIVERY OF AN EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL FINACIAL MANAGEMENT AND UNDERTAKES THE FOLLOWING WITH THE AID OF THE PHARMACY STAFF:

Improves data recording and facilities drug product/medicines statistics dissemination through electronic information and implementation of ___

Answer 30

Integrated Hospital Operations Management Program (IHOMP)

Question 31

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THE CHIEF PHARMACIST HAS ASSUMED THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE DELIVERY OF AN EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL FINACIAL MANAGEMENT AND UNDERTAKES THE FOLLOWING WITH THE AID OF THE PHARMACY STAFF:

Improve minimal waste of ___

Answer 31

drug-product preparations

Question 32

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

THE CHIEF PHARMACIST HAS ASSUMED THE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE DELIVERY OF AN EFFECTIVE HOSPITAL FINACIAL MANAGEMENT AND UNDERTAKES THE FOLLOWING WITH THE AID OF THE PHARMACY STAFF:

Prepares a ___ and ___ based on statistics that would assist management in accurately predicting the volume of activity of the Pharmacy Service.

Answer 32

reasonable and realistic plan

Question 33

To obtain by paying money its equivalent, to buy for a price

Answer 33

Purchase

Question 34

Types of Purchasing

Answer 34

• Purchasing through Public Binding
• Emergency Purchase
• Negotiated Purchase
• Procurement from Duly-Licensed Manufacturers and Exclusive Distributors
• Procurement through the Procurement Service
• Procurement from other Philippine Government Agencies or Foreign Governments
• Purchasing through Repeat Orders

Question 35

TYPES OF PURCHASING

In the national government agencies, contract shall be generally awarded to the most attractive offer

Answer 35

Purchasing through Public Bidding

Question 36

TYPES OF PURCHASING

In the national and corporate government agencies, emergency purchases are allowed only in cases where the need for supplies, materials, furniture, equipment or repair of an equipment is exceptionally urgent or absolutely indispensable to prevent immediate danger to, or loss of life/property or to avoid detriment to public service.

Answer 36

Emergency Purchase

Question 37

TYPES OF PURCHASING

Is a system of purchase which dispenses with the stringent requirements of public bidding.

Answer 37

Negotiated Purchase

Question 38

TYPES OF PURCHASING

Negotiated Purchase

Purchases through this mode may be allowed in the following cases:

Answer 38

• Whenever the supplies are urgently needed to meet an emergency which may involve the loss of, or danger to life/property.
• Whenever the supplies are to be used in connection with a project or activity which cannot be delayed without causing detriment to the public service.
• Should be obtain the lowest price for the quantity of supplies desired.

Question 39

TYPES OF PURCHASING

Procurement may be made directly from duly-licensed Philippine manufacturers. In cases where there are two or more producers/suppliers of the supplies desired, bids of the known manufacturers/distributors should be obtain the lowest price for the quantity of supplies desired.

Answer 39

Procurement from Duly-Licensed Manufacturers and Exclusive Distributors

Question 40

TYPES OF PURCHASING

The procurement service is under the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) with respect to; Operation of a government-wide procurement system for common use of office supplies, and; Monitoring of prices for common-use supplies, materials and equipment.

Answer 40

Procurement through the Procurement Service

Question 41

TYPES OF PURCHASING

Procurement from other Philippine government entities; Purchasing from foreign government entities

Answer 41

Procurement from other Philippine Government Agencies or Foreign Governments

Question 42

TYPES OF PURCHASING

Purchase through a repeat order is a procurement where an agency buys from the same supplier, same items at the same prices in addition to the quantity in the original contract.

Answer 42

Purchasing through Repeat Orders

Question 43

To exercise directing, guiding or restraining of power over.

Answer 43

Control

Question 44

CONTROL OF PURCHASE

In determining how much drug should be ordered at a given time, it is important that it is achieved through a satisfactory inventory turnover. The hospital pharmacist should control purchase volume and inventory considering the use/or the consideration of the following: (3)

Answer 44

• Balancing of Stock
• Establishment of the Ordering Point or Reorder Quantity Level (RQL)
• Dead Inventory

Question 45

CONTROL OF PURCHASE

On hand at the pharmacy plus those stocked in the storeroom.

Answer 45

Balance of Stock

Question 46

CONTROL OF PURCHASE

Utilizing the form Stock Position Sheet for slow and fast-moving drug items; To arrive at this stage of the process, the average consumption rate per day is determined

Example: Beginning month balance stock of 5,400 vials with an end balance of 1,800 vials; 5,400 vials - 1,800 vials = 3,600 vials consumed in a month.

Answer 46

Establishment of the Ordering Point or Reorder Quantity Level (RQL)

Question 47

CONTROL OF PURCHASE

Refers to expired and damaged drugs. For proper disposition/condemnation, use the Waste Material Form.

Answer 47

Dead Inventory