Emergency Drug Therapy Flashcards
Have traditionally acknowledge their responsibility to have developed plans for handling mass casualty emergencies in accordance with their responsibility to provide the best possible care and treatment to the communities they serve. Each type of disaster, natural, accidental, or nuclear, requires specific personnel and material resources and facilities different from one another.
Hospitals (Disaster Preparedness)
Basic Principles of Disaster Preparedness:
- It must be ___ .
- It must be capable of ___ .
- It must be ___ to allow for variations in the type of disaster.
- It must be ___ to nights and weekends when the number of available staff is less than the normal day.
- It should ___ , as much as possible to avoid the confusion of a disaster situation and because only a small number to whom the disaster plan issued will actually read it.
- ___ should be concise and are best expressed in lists, charts, or in a loose-leaf form for ease of updating.
- simple
- taking effect immediately
- flexible
- adaptable
- follow normal hospital procedures
- Disaster manuals
GOALS
To contact and provide sufficient pharmacy personnel to perform the required pharmaceutical services for disaster victims and the patient needs with the hospital.
The disaster alert plan may follow a format similar to that of the service organizational chart. The plan maybe outlined as follows: (4)
- Reference of the possible number of disaster casualties.
- Pharmacy personnel and their telephone numbers.
- The sequence of telephone calls to be made by the respective pharmacy personnel on duty when the disaster alert is called.
- Areas of service responsibility once the pharmacy personnel arrive within the hospital.
GOALS
To establish a method of obtaining and providing an efficient supply of pharmaceuticals meeting the disaster needs.
This can be met by observing the following: (5)
- Emergency room and disaster chart medications
- Emergency procurement (Pharmaceutical manufacturers)
- Drug wholesalers
- Local community drugstores
- Provision of networking with other hospital pharmacies, in case some requirement is not available in the hospital. (List of telephone numbers)
GOALS
Pharmaceuticals that may be considered for a disaster cart, solely for immediate treatment and use in triage areas, are those in the list of ___ .
emergency medicines
DISASTER COMMUNICATION AND PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENTS
Authority within the hospital pharmacy will be designated to the following personnel: (7)
- Chief Pharmacist
- Assistant Pharmacist
- Supervising Pharmacist (at dispensing area)
- Pharmacist in charge of supplies
DISASTER COMMUNICATION AND PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENTS: cont.
Depending on the time and circumstances of the disaster, the ___ or his/her representative shall decide whether additional personnel shall be called in.
Head of the Pharmacy Service or his/her representatives
DISASTER COMMUNICATION AND PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENTS: cont.
___ may be required to come in, however, no personnel should come in unless specifically notified by telephone or other communications that they are needed.
Off-duty personnel
DISASTER COMMUNICATION AND PERSONNEL ASSIGNMENTS: cont.
All ___ should come to work as normally scheduled.
Other pharmacy personnel
DISASTER CODES
When the pharmacy is notified of ___ alert, the pharmacy disaster plan is implemented only as notification of proper personnel on standby and on the preparation of supplies.
Code White (Disaster Code WHITE)
DISASTER CODE WHITE
May be adopted on the following situations:
- A strong possibility of a ___ , e.g. a coup attempt;
- Any ___ within the area;
- National or local ___ ;
- ___
- Other conditions which may be declared as disaster.
- military operation;
- planned mass action or demonstration;
- elections plebiscites
- National holidays or celebration;
- disaster
DISASTER CODE BLUE
- Is proclaimed when ___ are expected or suddenly brought to the hospital.
- Once the Code Blue has been announced, all notified personnel should ___ .
- The ___ shall immediately assemble supplies for transport of the designated ___ in the hospital.
- 20-50 casualties (red tag);
- return to the pharmacy immediately
- supervisor of the dispensing area; Disaster Holding and Evaluation Area (DHEA)
DISASTER CODE BLUE
- The ___ shall take supplies on a cart and stay to dispense supplies, maintain records and secure additional supplies as needed.
- To replenish the supplies on the cart (if needed) and to maintain contact between the acute care and the pharmacy, one pharmacy staff shall be designated as ___ .
- pharmacist;
- “runner”
DISASTER CODE RED
- Is proclaimed when more than ___ are momentarily anticipated or expected or suddenly brought to the hospital.
- At this point, additional pharmacy personnel shall be ___ .
- Additional ___ may be taken to the Disaster Holding and Evaluation Area (DHEA).
- 50 (red flag) casualties;
- called-in to help;
- drug carts
DISASTER CODE RED
- The ___ shall take care of dispensing the necessary drugs and medical supplies. While the ___ or ___ shall take care of the recording requirements.
- The ___ shall assess the current stock balance and may decide to procure more or acquire additional stock through net-working.
- pharmacist; clerks or other pharmacy support personnel
- pharmacist in charge of supplies
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
- Hospitals are the most common institutions that use ___ to designate emergencies. Law
enforcement agencies, schools, and other types of healthcare facilities (such as skilled nursing homes) may also use variations on these emergency codes. - Hospitals often use code ___ to alert their staff to an emergency or other event. These codes can be communicated through an intercom in the hospital or directly to staff using communication devices.
- color codes
- names
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
- Hospital emergency codes are coded messages often announced over a ___ of a hospital to alert staff to various classes of on-site emergencies.
- The use of codes is intended to convey ___ and ___ while preventing stress and panic among visitors to the hospital.
- public address system;
- essential information quickly and with minimal misunderstanding to staff
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
- The most common hospital codes are ___ , ___ , and ___ though use of these codes isn’t standardized in the United States.
- Code blue indicates a ___ such as cardiac or respiratory arrest. Code red indicates ___ in the hospital. Code black typically means there is a ___ to the facility.
- code blue, code red, and code black
- medical emergency; fire or smoke; bomb threat
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Red
Fire
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Black
Bomb Threat/Suspicious Package
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Purple
Hostage Talking
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code White
Actual or Potential Violent Behavior
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Yellow
Missing Patient (Internal Emergency)
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Brown
Hazardous Material Spill/Leak (External Emergency)
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Grey
Infrastructure Loss/Air Exclusion
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Orange
External Disaster
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Green
Evacuation
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY CODES
Code Blue
Cardiac Arrest/Medical Emergency
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
The most universally recognized emergency code.
Means there is a medical emergency occurring within the hospital. Healthcare providers can choose to activate a ___ , typically by
pushing an emergency alert button or dialing a specific phone number, if they feel the life of the person they are treating is in immediate danger. Many hospitals have a code blue team who will respond to the code blue within minutes. The team is comprised of: (4)
Code Blue
- Doctors
- Nurses
- Respiratory therapist
- Pharmacist
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Events needing an immediate response: (2)
- There are a number of other codes hospitals may use to indicate ___ .
- These codes can ___ , so one color may have differing or conflicting meanings at different hospitals.
- emergency situations
- vary more widely from facility to facility
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Blue
Medical Emergency (Adult)
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
White
Medical Emergency (Pediatric)
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Pink
Infant Abduction
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Purple
Child Abduction
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Yellow
Bomb threat
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Gray
Violent or Combative individual
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Silver
Weapon/Hostage
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Orange
Hazardous material spill
CRITICAL MEDICAL EMERGENCY
Some of the more widely used codes in hospitals include:
Green
Patient Elopement
ROLE OF PHARMACIST
IN THE EMERGENCY DRUG UNIT
The role of the pharmacist as a member of the Emergency Department Team involved in all areas of ___ , plus other areas specific to the Emergency Department.
“normal” clinical pharmacy practice
ROLE OF PHARMACIST
IN THE EMERGENCY DRUG UNIT
These include ___ , ___ , and ___ .
- advice and support in emergency toxicology;
- reporting adverse drug reactions;
- preparation of drugs during an arrest
ROLE OF PHARMACIST
IN THE EMERGENCY DRUG UNIT
Optimizing medication use through participation in ___ , ___ , ___ . In addition to, participation in procedures that utilize high risk medications, ___ .
- direct patient care rounds;
- medication order review;
- medication therapy monitoring;
- resuscitation
ROLE OF PHARMACIST
IN THE EMERGENCY DRUG UNIT
Is also a high priority and the pharmacist is often requested to provide presentations, help write protocols, and assist with professional development programs.
Education
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
Moreover, the pharmacist has a role in ___ , ___ , and ___ .
- medication procurement and preparation;
- provision of medication information;
- documentation of associated interventions
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST: (8)
- Direct Patient Care Rounds
- Medication Order Review
- Medication Therapy Monitoring
- Patient Care Involving High-Risk Medications and Procedures
- Resuscitation
- Medication Procurement and Preparation
- Medication Information
- Documentation
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
Firstly, because the large majority of medication errors occur in the prescribing and administration phases of the medication-use process. Moreover, it is critical for pharmacists to be involved in ___ activities.
Direct Patient Care Rounds
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
___ in the emergency department
must comply with federal, state, and local regulations
and accreditation requirements.
Medication Order Review
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
The development and assessment of monitoring parameters related to medication therapy are essential steps in the medication-use process
Medication Therapy Monitoring
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
A number of high-risk medications and procedures are utilized in the emergency department.
Patient Care Involving High-Risk Medications and Procedures
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
Pharmacists should be present during all resuscitations in the emergency department.
Resuscitation
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
Medication procurement in the emergency department presents challenges that differ significantly from those in other areas of the hospital.
Medication Procurement and Preparation
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
The most common cause of medication errors is a lack of information related to medication therapy.
Medication Information
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF PHARMACIST
Research on pharmacist interventions in the inpatient setting has demonstrated improvement in patient outcomes through optimized pharmacotherapy regimens, improved monitoring of medication therapy. In addition to, avoidance of adverse medication events.
Documentation
