The Pharmacist Semester 1 Flashcards
List the 7 principles in the code of ethics.
Patients are the first concern
Use professional judgement in the interest of the patient and the public
Show respect for others
Encourage patients to participate in decisions about their care
Develop professional knowledge and competence
Be honest and trustworthy
Take responsibility for your work practices
What are the four stages in the journey of a prescription?
Practitioner diagnoses and prescribes
Patient hands prescription into pharmacy
Pharmacy dispenses medicine
Pharmacist gives the medicine to a patient
What are the two types of prescription?
NHS- full cost paid by taxes, prescription charge applies unless exempt
Private- full cost of prescription and medicine covered by patient
Give examples of prescribers
Medical doctor
Nurse practitioner
Dentist
Pharmacist
In what circumstances can a GSL line medicine be sold?
In any retail outlet
In what circumstances can a P line medicine be sold?
Sold only with pharmacist supervision
In what circumstances can a PO line medicine be sold?
GSL but sold under responsible pharmacist rules
What is a POM?
Only to be supplied with a prescription under pharmacist supervision
What is a CD?
A drug controlled by the Misuse of Drugs Act
What are the 6 legal requirements for a prescription?
Patient's name Patient's address Prescriber's name and address Patient's age if over than 12 years (DOB if under) Signature of prescriber Appropriate date
What are the 6 legal requirements of a label?
Name of patient Name and address of supplier (pharmacy) Date of dispensing Directions for use Drug name Expiry and batch number if made extemporaneously
What is a near miss?
An error that is identified and rectified during the dispensing process
Give examples of clinical errors.
Overdose
Inappropriate medicine
Interaction not identified
Underdose
What is a parenteral route?
Injection directly into a body compartment or cavity
Give three examples of intravenous administration.
Bolus injection
Intermittent infusion
Continuous infusion
Give 6 examples of oral administration.
Tablet Capsule Powder Syrup Suspension Linctus
Give two examples of rectal administration.
Suppository
Enema
Give four examples of topical administration.
Cream
Gel
Ointment
Lotion
Give two advantages of parenteral administration.
Rapid action
Can be used in an uncooperative patient
Give two advantages of oral administration.
Regular dosing is straightforward and convenient
Cheap to supply
Give three advantages of transdermal administration.
Bypasses first pass metabolism
Reduces risk of side effects
Long lasting
What code and colour is given to a GP prescription?
FP10SS
FP10NC (handwritten)
Green
What code and colour is given to a Nurse practitioner prescription?
FP10P
Lilac
What code and colour is given to a dentist prescription?
FP10D
Yellow
What is the Black List?
Drugs not permitted on the NHS
What is the ACBS?
List of foods/toiletries that can be prescribed in specific circumstances
Define empathy.
Ability to understand and share the feelings of others
What are pharmacokinetics?
Passage of drug through the body and what the body does to the drug
What are pharmacodynamics?
How the drug acts and what it does to the body
What is ADME?
Absorption of drugs into the bloodstream
Distribution of drug into tissues and extravascular fluids
Metabolism of drugs
Excretion of drugs mainly by the kidneys
Define bioavailability.
Percentage of administered dose that reaches systemic circulation
What is volume of distribution? And what does a low Vd show?
It measures the extent to which the drug moves into the tissues. A small Vd shows that most of the drug is in the blood
What is the rate of elimination?
Clearance x concentration of drug in the body
What is clearance?
Volume of plasma completely cleared of the drug over unit time
List four parts of the body involved in metabolism.
Liver
Lungs
GI tract
Kidneys
List four parts of the body involved in excretion
Kidneys
Salvia
Sweat
Breast milk
In what circumstances are drug-drug interactions beneficial?
If blood levels of the drug increases
If they contribute to reducing side effects
What is a black dot interaction?
A potentially hazardous interaction that should be avoided where possible
Who is more likely to experience drug-drug interactions?
Elderly patients
Those taking numerous drugs
Those with hepatic or renal impairment
Those with concomitant disease
How would you measure a pharmacokinetic interaction?
Look for signs of toxicity or reduced efficacy
Give four examples of types of pharmacodynamic interaction.
Same pharmacological effects
Toxic effects
Antagonistic effects
Disturbances in electrolytes
