The pH scale and salts Flashcards
what is a base
a compound that is higher than 7 to neutralise acids producing a salt and water. Bases that are soluble in water
what is an alkali
soluble bases in water
what is the equation for neutralisation
H+ +OH- —->H2O
base + acid —> salt + water
the more hydrogens there are, is it a strong or weak acid
stronger acid
what is a strong acid and weak acid
strong acid -100% ionised in aqueous solutions
weak acid - partially ionised in aqueous solutions (some ions join to remake the acid)
as the pH scale decreases, what happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions
as the Ph scale decreases by one unit, the concentration of hydrogen ions increase by 10 times
what is concentration
how many moles of acid there are in a dm3 of solution (volume)
what does the pH scale measure and what is the pH scale?
the measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. The measure of the acidity and alkalinity of an aqueous solution
what can the pH of a solution be measured by?
pH probe or universal indictor
what are acids neutralised by
bases
what can acids also be neutralised by
metal oxides and metal carbonates
how can soluble salts be made
1.by reacting acids with insoluble salts (e.g. metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal carbonates)
2. filter off leftovers
3.crytallise the product
name a strong acid
sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid
complete the word equation to show neutralisation reaction:
hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide–>
potassium chloride + water
(salt + water)
what is the equation for the reaction between metal carbonate and acid?
metal carbonate + acid —>salt + water + carbon dioxide
what is the equation between metal oxides and acids?
metal oxide + acid —> a salt + water
What do acids and alkalis produce in aqueous solution?
acids-hydrogen ions
alkali- hydroxide ions
