Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMB2007 Human Anatomy > The Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

The Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three parts of a neuron

A

Axon, dendrite, cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What carries information to the cell body?

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What carries information from the cell body?

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plaques of demyelination and axon loss throughout the central (but not peripheral) nervous system

A

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structure protects the spinal cord?

A

The spinal cord is protected by the bones of the spinal column, the vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord end in adults and children?

A

The spinal cord ends at L1 in adults and L3 in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the spinal cord consist of?

A

The spinal cord consists of neurons which form white matter tracts ascending to and descending from the brain, and some forming relays within the grey matter of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the vertebral canal?

A

The lining up of vertebral foramen (open space) in the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do nerves enter the body?

A

Dorsal roots or dorsal horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the outer section of a neuron formed from?

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the inner section of a neuron formed from?

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nerves that travel to the CNS are…?

A

Afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nerves that travel from the CNS are…?

A

Efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subconscious control of our bodies, generally innervating smooth muscle of tissues or glands. It is involved with actions such as temperature control (via sweating and vasomotor), continence, secretions and gastric motility.

A

Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

A

In general, the sympathetic system prepares the body for intense physical activity, whilst the parasympathetic system relaxes the body and inhibits high energy functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nervous system is stimulated to increase heart rate?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which nervous system is stimulated to increase salivary gland saliva secretion?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Location of sympathetic neurons and their ganglia

A

Thoracic or lumbar spinal cord, ganglia in chains far from target organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Location of parasympathetic neurons and their ganglia

A

Cranial nerves or lumbo-sacral spinal cord, ganglia are close to target organ

20
Q

What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?

A

The somatic nervous system is responsible for conscious control of the body and associated sensory functions

21
Q

What are the four types of somatosensation?

A

Touch (pressure), pain (nociception), temperature (specifically changes in temperature), proprioception (location of the body in space, spacial awareness)

22
Q

What do somatic efferent nerves innervate?

A

Somatic efferent neurons innervate skeletal muscle

23
Q

What are the two types of somatic neuron?

A

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

24
Q

The origin of nerve signals initiating movement

A

(Brain) Precentral gyrus

25
Q

Mediator of message from brain to skeletal muscles

A

(Cross Section of Spinal Cord) Corticospinal tract

26
Q

The messenger cell that carries the command to contract muscles

A

Axon

27
Q

The messenger axon cell tells muscle cells to contract at this intersection

A

Neuromuscular junction

28
Q

Neurons from which nervous systems are carried in spinal nerves?

A

The spinal nerves are a part of the peripheral nervous system and carry both somatic and autonomic neurons

29
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin supplied by sensory afferents from one spinal nerve

30
Q

What is a myotome?

A

A group of muscles supplied by motor efferents and sensory afferents from one spinal nerve

31
Q

What is a plexus?

A

A network of interconnecting nerves, nerves form groupings in the plexus and leave as peripheral nerves

32
Q

What are the special senses?

A

Taste, smell, sight, hearing and balance

33
Q

List the cranial nerves

A

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves

34
Q

CN I Olfactory

A

Special sense, afferent from nasal mucosa carries information related to smell

35
Q

CN II Optic

A

Special sense, afferent for vision from the retina

36
Q

CN III Oculomotor

A

Controls eye movement and pupil constriction

37
Q

CN IV Trochlear

A

Motor to one muscle that moves eye

38
Q

CN V Trigleminal

A

Afferent from surface of face, senses touch, motor efferent to muscles of mastication (chewing)

39
Q

CV VI Abducent

A

Somatic: motor efferent to one muscle of the eye

40
Q

CN VII Facial

A

Special sense: taste from tongue. Somatic: motor to muscles of facial expression. Autonomic: Motor efferent to glands in saliva secretion

41
Q

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

A

Special sense: hearing and balance

42
Q

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

A

Special sense: taste. Somatic: motor efferent to swallowing and afferent sensation from external ear. Autonomic: secretomotor to one salivary gland and afferent sensation from carotid body and sinus

43
Q

CN X Vagus

A

Somatic: motor muscles pharynx, larynx and palate. Autonomic: parasympathetic innervation of smooth muscle in trachea, bronchi, HI tract and cardiac muscle

44
Q

CN XI Accessory

A

Somatic: motor to soft palate pharynx and to two big muscles in the neck

45
Q

CN XII Hypoglossal

A

Somatic: motor to muscles of the tongue

CMB2007 Human Anatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions