The Periodic Table, Atoms and Ions Flashcards
How are elements ordered in the periodic table?
Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number
Where are elements with similar properties placed in a periodic table?
Elements with similar properties are placed in the same column(Group)
What is the Atomic Number?
The Atomic Number is the number of protons in the nucleus
What is the Atomic Mass?
The Atomic Mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What does a Chemical element consist of?
A chemical element consists of atoms with the same number of protons
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are forms of an element that have the same atomic number but different number of neutrons
How many elements are required for a human to conduct a healthy life?
Humans need 25 elements to conduct a healthy life
What is periodicity?
Periodicity is the name given to the gradual change of physical and chemical properties in elements in the same group
What is an element?
An element is a single substance that cannot be split into any separate substances by chemical means
What is the smallest unit an element can exist in?
The smallest unit an element can exist in is an atom
What is an atom?
An atom is defined as the smallest particle into which an element can be divided
What are the subatomic particles?
The subatomic particles are; Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
What charge does a proton carry?
A proton carries a single positive charge
What charge does an electron carry?
An electron carries a single negative charge
What charge does a neutron carry?
A neutron carries no charge
What happens if the number of electrons is different from the number of protons?
If the number of electrons is different to the number of protons, a charged ion is formed
What happens if an ion gains one or more electrons?
If an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a negative ion, known as an Anion
What happens if an atom loses one or more electrons?
If an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes a positive ion, known as a Cation
What does an elements ionization energy tell us?
An elements ionisation energy tells us how readily the element will lose an electron to become a positively charged ion
Elements on the left of the periodic table have what type of ionization energy?
Elements on the left side of the periodic table have relatively low ionization energies, and readily form positively charged ions
Elements on the right of the periodic table have what type of ionization energy?
Elements on the right side of the periodic table have relatively high ionization energies, and are very unlikely to form positively charged ions. Instead, they readily form negatively charged ions by accepting an electron
What is the difference between isotopes of the same element?
Different isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers but retain the same atomic number
What is an elements relative atomic mass?
An elements relative atomic mass is a measure of the average mass of an atom of that element
What types of atomic orbital are there?
There are 4 different types of atomic orbitals:
S orbitals
P orbitals
D orbitals
F orbitals
What are orbitals grouped into?
Orbitals are grouped into shells