The periodic table Flashcards
Why are the group 0 ( noble gases) unreactive (inert)
Group 0 is very unreactive as they have a full outer shell of electrons, hence they do not need to react in order to become stable via loosing or gaining electrons
How does the boiling point vary through out the group 0
As we go down the group so that the Relative atomic mass increases , the boiling point also increases. As We go down the group the boiling point increases.
Why are group 1 very reactive
Group 1 elements have 1 electron on the outer shell, making them very reactive as they are desperate to loose an electron on order to become stable
How does the reactivity behave as we go down the group 1 and why
As we go down group 1, the reactivity increases.
This is because as we go down the group, the atoms increase in size with more electrons. Hence the outer electron is further away from the nucleus, and there are more shells shielding the nucleus so the electrostatic attraction is weaker between the outer electron and the nucleus, and its easier to loose the one electron
How does the boiling point vary through out the group 1
As we go down the group, the MP and BP decrease
How do Group 1 react with oxygen + the equivalent balanced equation for group 1 + oxygen
Oxygen = Lithium Oxide/ 4 Li + O2 = 2LiO
- Oxygen has 6 outer electrons , so 2 group 1
elements give their outer electrons to
complete oxygens outer shell , as Oxygen
becomes a -2 ions as the lithium become a +1
ions
- Group 1 react rapidly with oxygen
How do Group 1 react with Chlorine + the equivalent balanced equation for group 1 + Chlorine
Lithium Chloride/ 2Li + Cl2 = 2LiCl
- Chlorine has 7 outer electrons, so one Group 1 element can give their outer electron to chloride, and the chloride becomes a -1 ion and the group 1 element becomes +1 ion
- Group 1 also reacts rapidly with chloride.
How do Group 1 react with Water + the equivalent balanced equation for group 1 + Water
Lithium Hydroxide ( alkali) + Hydrogen / 2Li + 2H2O = 2LiOH + H2 - As we go down the group, the reaction becomes quicker.
What are group 7 elements referred to as
The halogens which are non metals
What do group 7 elements form when reacting with a non metal atom
Group 7 elements form molecules with 2 atoms, joined by a covalent bond
How do the melting and boiling points change as we move down the group 7
The melting and boiling points increase as we move down the group
How can we determine the state of a halogen
By looking at its Melting and Boiling points
It goes = gas
gas
liquid
solidHow does the reactivity vary as we go down the group 7 and why
The reactivity decreases as we move down the group as atom size increase, meaning that the electrostatic forces are weaker as they are at a greater distance from the nucleus and also other energy levels are shielding the nucleus. This makes its harder to Gain one more electron to complete the outer energy level as the attraction force is weaker.
Displacement in group 7
More reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.
What do halogens form when reacting with a metal atom
Group 7 elements form ionic compounds when reacting with metal atoms
Group 7 atoms have 7 outer electrons, so when they react with a metal, the halogen always gains an extra electron making it a -1 ion.
when the reaction is complete, the element will end in ide, for example Fluorine to Fluoride.
