Atomic Structure Flashcards
what is filtration
separates insoluble from soluble substances in a solvent
what is distillation
separates substances with different boiling points
what is crystallisation
used to obtain soluble substance from a solution
what is an ion
when an atom looses or gains an electron it becomes an ion
what is a isotope
How to calculate the relative atomic mass
same atom with same amount of protons yet different amounts of neutrons.
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/relative-atomic-mass.html
what are 3 similarities/ differences between an isotope and normal atom
- they have different physical properties
- they have same chemical properties
- they have electronic structure
ions) if it oxygen has an -2 ontop what does it mean
-2 shows that it is negatively charged via 2 extra electrons breaking the balance.
order the development of the atom into past to most recent
- Rutherford
- Bohr
- JJ Thompson
- Dalton
- Chadwick
Dalton , JJ Thompson , Rutherford , Bohr , Chadwick
what did Dalton contribute towards the development of the atoms
He figured out that all atoms of an element are identical
what did JJ Thompson contribute towards the development of the atoms
Plum Pudding Model — IN 1897 , he suggested that atoms are a ball of positive charge with electrons embedded into the ball.
what did Rutherford contribute towards the development of the atoms
Gold Foil Experiment—
IN 1909 Rutherford fired Alpha particles at gold foil. If JJ Thompson was right, the particles should pass through or deflect slightly.
However some particles deflected straight back .
The reason for the repelled atoms is that the positive charge and mass must be concentrated in small area in the centre, hence 2 likes repell.
In conclusion Rutherford figured out a small, positively-charged nucleus surrounded by empty space and then a layer of electrons to form the outside of the atom.
what did Bohr contribute towards the development of the atoms
If Rutherford was correct then the positive nucleus would attract the electrons causing the atom to collapse.
Hence this meant that Rutherford was wrong
Bohr calculated that the electrons must orbit the nucleus at a fixed distance, which are called energy levels , and therefore it wont collapse.
what did Chadwick contribute towards the development of the atoms
He carries out experiments that gave evidence for a particle with no charge. Scientists called this the neutron and concluded that the protons are in the nucleus and electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
What is relative mass
relative mass is the comparison between masses of protons and neutrons which is 1 and an electron which takes 2000 electrons to equal the mass of a proton hence the mass of an electron is considered zero
how to calculate protons, electrons and neutrons
protons= Atomic number electron= same as proton ( to create balance) neutrons= mass number - atomic number
