The Periodic Table Flashcards
State one way pf sorting the elements in the periodic table?
Metals and non-metals
Where are metals on the periodic table?
On the periodic table the metals are on the left side of the stepped line
Where are non-metals on the periodic table?
On the periodic table the non-metals are on the right side of the stepped line
What are the properties of a typical metal (when solid)?
Good conductor of electricity and heat, shiny, high density(heavy for its size), malleable(be hammered into shapes), ductile (able to pull into wire), sonorous (ringing sound when hit)
What are the properties of a typical non-metal (when solid)?
Poor conductor of electricity and heat, dull, low density (light for its size), brittle (breaks easily), non sonorous
Do most metals have high or low melting points?
Most metals have high melting points. They are usually solid at 20ºC
Do many non-metals have high or low boiling points?
Many non-metals have low boiling points. For example, oxygen and chlorine are gases at 20ºC
What are metalloids?
The elements near the stepped line are metalloids. Their properties are between those of metals and non-metals.
What are physical properties of elements?
Physical properties are things you can observe and measure from an element
What are chemical properties of elements?
Chemical properties describe chemical rections.
What is the product when many metals and non-metals react with oxygen?
The products are oxides:
Metal: Magnesium+oxygen=magnesium oxide
Non-metal: Sulfur+oxygen=sulfur dioxide
What do many non-metal oxides form when they dissolve in water at 20ºC?
They dissolve in water to form acidic solutions
How are acidic gases formed?
They are formed when some fuels burn
How is acid rain formed?
When acidic gases dissolve in rain which makes rain acidic. This can make lakes acidic and can damage trees.
Describe the difference between metal oxides and non-metal oxides?
Most Metal oxides are solids at 20ºC whereas many non-metal oxides are gases at 20ºC. When metal oxides dissolve in water they form alkaline solutions whereas non-metals for acidic solutions when they dissolve in water
What are vertical columns called in the periodic table?
Groups
How are elements in a group similar?
The elements in a group have similar properties. Going down a group, there is a pattern in the properties such as melting points, boiling points, and density.
What is density?
Density is how much mass something has for its volume.
What is the name given to horizontal rows in the periodic table?
Periods
How are elements in a period similar?
Going across a period, there are patterns in the properties of the elements.
Where is group one on the periodic table?
It is the column on the far left of the periodic table.
How are group ones like every other metals?
They are good conductors of electricity and heat. They are shiny when freshly cut.
In which ways are group 1 elements like other metals?
They are good conductors of electricity and heat. They are shiny when freshly cut.
In which ways are group 1 elements different to other metals?
Group 1 elements have lower melting points than other metals.
Are group 1 known as the alkaline metals?
Yes
What two patterns in physical properties do group 1 elements have?
Both the melting point and the boiling point decreases from top to bottom of group 1.
Are group 1 elements reactive, and what does reactive mean?
The group 1 elements are very reactive. This means that they easily take part in chemical reactions.
What is the chemical property of all the group 1 elements?
All group 1 elements have exciting reactions with water.
Name the gas produced when group 1 elements react with water and what does it do to the elements ?
The reaction makes hydrogen gas. The gas moves the reacting element around on the water.
What colour does the universal indicator turn when the reaction between group 1 elements and water takes place?
The reactions also make alkaline solutions, so the universal indicator turns purple.
Do the reactions with water and group 1 elements get more vigorous going up or down the group?
There is a pattern in the reactions. They all produce hydrogen and metal hydroxide. The reactions get more vigorous going down the group.
What are the elements in group 1?
lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium(Cs), and francium (Fr)
What are the elements in group 7?
Fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At)
What are the group 7 elements called?
The halogens
Are group 7 elements metals or non-metals?
Non-metals
What are the properties of group 7 elements (halogens)?
They have low melting points, like most non-metals. They do not conduct electricity. Iodine is a brittle solid at room temperatures.
Describe the physical patterns of group 7 elements?
In group 7, melting and boiling points increase from top to bottom (increase as you go down). Also the colours of the elements get darker from top to bottom.
Describe the chemical patterns of group 7 elements?
All group 7 elements are reactive and react with iron and the reactions get less vigorous going down the group. The product from the reaction ends in ‘ide’
E.g iron+chlorine=iron chloride
What is a displacement reaction?
Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. Both metals and non-metals take part in displacement reactions.
E.g chlorine+potassium bromide=potassium chloride+bromine
bromine+potassium iodine=potassium bromide+iodine
What are the names of the group 0 elements?
Helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn)
What is group 0 also called?
The noble gases
What are the physical properties of group 0 elements (noble gases)?
The noble gases have very low melting and boiling points, like many other non-metals, which increase as you go down the group. They are colourless gases at room temperature. Noble gases glow brightly when high-voltage electricity passes through them
Where is group 0 on the periodic table?
On the right side of the stepped line, right at the end
What are the chemical properties of group 0 elements (noble gases)?
Noble gases take part in very few reactions and are said to be unreactive. From top to bottom, the noble gases get slightly more reactive.
State the meaning of the word unreactive?
Unreactive means that it doesn’t react with anything or only takes part in very few reactions
Where do noble gases come from?
All noble gases exist in the atmosphere, mixed with other gases. Companies use distillation to separate the: from the air. Helium is also found mixed with natural gas under the ground or sea. It is expensive to separate helium from the mixture.
What is the arrangement in the periodic table used for?
You can use the arrangement of elements in the periodic table to explain and predict patterns in physical and chemical properties.
