Health And Lifestyle Flashcards
What are nutrients?
Nutrients are important substances that your body needs to survive and stay healthy
How many major types of nutrients are there?
7 major types of nutrients
What are the seven major types of nutrients?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Fibre
What do Carbohydrates provide?
Carbohydrates provide energy
What do Lipids provide?
Lipids (fats and oils) provide energy
What does Protein provide?
Proteins are used for growth and repair
What do vitamins provide?
Vitamins keep you healthy
What do minerals provide?
Minerals keep you healthy
What does water provide?
Water is needed in all cells and body fluids
What does fibre provide?
Fibre provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut. Fibre is not a nutrient but it is important for a healthy diet
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet means eating food containing the right nutrients in the correct amount.
State the colour change in iodine if a food contains starch?
If the solution turns a dark blue-black colour , the food contains starch
State the change to water when iodine and a food solution is added to it and it contains lipids?
If the food contains lipids then the solution should go cloudy
State another way in which you can test if a food contains lipids?
If you place the food solution onto filter paper. If it makes the paper turn slightly translucent then the food contains lipids
State the colour change in Benedict’s solution if a food contains sugar?
If the solution turns orange-red, the food contains sugar
State the colour change in a solution of copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide if a food contains protein?
If the solution turns purple , the food contains protein.
State the unit that energy in food is measured in?
The unit that energy in food is measured in is joules and kilojoules
Where does your energy come from?
From the food you eat
What is starvation?
Some people do not eat enough food. In extreme cases this is known as starvation
How can you lose body mass?
If the energy in the food you eat is less than the energy you use, you will lose body mass.
State three problems caused by being underweight?
- Often suffer from health problems, such as poor immune system
- Lack energy to do things, and are often tired
- Are likely to suffer from a lack of vitamins or minerals
How can you gain body mass?
If the energy in the food you eat is more than the energy you use, you will gain body mass.
What does it mean to be obese?
If a person becomes extremely overweight, they are said to be overweight
State four health problems in which obese people are more likely to suffer from?
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Diabetes
- Some cancers
What are vitamin and mineral deficiencies?
If a person does not have enough of a certain vitamin or mineral they are said to have a deficiency
Name the condition caused by a vitamin A deficiency?
A vitamin A deficiency can lead to ‘night blindness’ which makes it difficult to see clearly in dim light
Name the condition caused by a vitamin D deficiency?
A vitamin D deficiency can lead to a condition called rickets, where your bones become weak
What is the digestive system?
The digestive system is a group of organs that work together to break down food.
State what happens during digestion?
During digestion the large molecules, like lipids and proteins, are broken down into small molecules of nutrition. These nutrients can then pass into the blood where they are used in the body.
What is the main structure in your digestive system often referred to as?
It is often referred to as your gut
What are the different parts in the main structure of the digestive system?
- Mouth 2. Gullet 3. Stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Rectum 7. Anus
In the digestive system what is the purpose of the mouth?
Food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Teeth help to break the food into smaller chunks
In the digestive system what is the purpose of the gullet?
Food passes down this tube
In the digestive system what is the purpose of the small intestine?
Digestive juices from the liver and pancreas are added and digestion is completed. Small molecules of nutrients pass through the intestine wall into the bloodstream
In the digestive system what is the purpose of the large intestine?
Only the food that cannot be digested gets this far. Water passes back into the body, leaving a solid waste of undigested food called feces
In the digestive system what is the purpose of the rectum?
Feces are stored here until they leave the body
In the digestive system what is the purpose of the anus?
This is a muscular ring through which feces pass out of the body
Describe how food moves along the gut?
Fibre in your food isn’t digested but adds bulk to the food. Muscles push against this, forcing the food along the gut.
How is the small intestine adapted to absorb nutrients?
The wall of the small intestine is thin. It is also covered with tiny structures called villi.
What are villi?
Villi stick out of the wall and give it a big surface area. They also contain blood capillaries to carry away the absorbed food molecles
What does bacteria in the large intestine make?
They make important vitamins such as vitamin K. These vitamins are then absorbed into your body and help keep you healthy
What are probiotic foods?
Some foods, called probiotic foods, like live yogurt, contain useful bacteria
What do the digestive juices in your gut contain?
They contain enzymes. These are special proteins that can break large molecules of nutrients into small molecules
What are enzymes known as?
Enzymes are known as biological catalysts- they speed up digestion without being used up
What are three main types of enzymes used in digestion?
Carbohydrase, protease, and lipase
What are carbohydrase?
Carbohydrase are enzymes that break down carbohydrates into sugar molecules
What is a protease?
Protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids
What is a lipase?
Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. It is helped by bile- a substance made in the liver which breaks the lipids into small droplets that are easier for the lipase enzymes to work on
What are drugs?
Drugs are chemical substances that affect the way your body works. They alter the chemical reactions that take place inside your body
What are the two types of drugs?
Medicinal drugs and recreational drugs
What are medicinal drugs?
Medicinal drugs are used in medicine. They benefit your health in some way. They may be used to treat symptoms of a condition or cure and illness.
Can medicinal drugs be bad?
Yes, even medicinal drugs can cause harm if you do not take them in the right way. They could also have side affects.
What are recreational drugs?
Recreational drugs are drugs that people take for enjoyment, to help them relax, or to help them stay awake. Recreational drugs usually have no health benefits and can be harmful
Name four illegal drugs?
Heroin, Cocaine, Cannabis, and Ectasy
Name two legal recreational drugs?
Alcohol- drinking alcohol affects your nervous system and damages your liver
Tobacco- smoking significantly increases your risk of cancer, as well as lung and heart disease
State what is meant by an addiction?
If your body gets used to the changes caused by a drug, it may become dependent on the drug. This means that you need to keep taking the drug to feel normal. This is an addiction
What are withdrawal symptoms?
If a person with an addiction tries to stop taking the drug, they may suffer withdrawal symptoms. This can make it very unpleasant and make it hard to give up the drug.
Give examples of some withdrawal symptoms?
Headaches, anxiety and sweating
What drug does alcohol contain?
Ethanol
How does alcohol affect you?
When you drink alcohol, ethanol is absorbed into the bloodstream. It then travels to your brain, where it affects your nervous system.
Is ethanol a depression?
Yes, as it slows down the body’s reactions
What are people who have an addiction to alcohol called?
Alcoholics
Name three conditions that are more likely to occur if a person drinks a lot of alcohol for a long time?
Stomach ulcers, heart disease, and brain and liver damage
Why is smoking dangerous?
Smoking increases your chances of developing conditions such as breathing problems, cancer, heart attacks,and strokes. Smokers are more likely to die prematurely than non-smokers.
What is passive smoking?
By breathing in other peoples smoke, you risk of developing circulatory and respiratory condition increases. This is known as passive smoking
How does smoking and drinking alcohol affect a pregnant woman?
Increases the risk of miscarriage, low-birth-weight babies and affects the foetus’s development.
What is in tobacco smoke?
Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide
What is tar?
A sticky black material that collects in the lungs. It irritates and narrows the airways. Some of the chemicals it contains cause cancer.
What is nicotine?
An addicting drug that speeds up the nervous system. It is a stimulant, which makes the heart beat faster and narrows blood vessels.
What is carbon monoxide?
A poisonous gas that stops the blood from carrying as much as oxygen as it should. It binds to the red blood cells in the place of oxygen
What diseases can smoking cause?
Heart disease, emphysema (a lung disease), respiratory infections
Is nicotine in tobacco smoke?
Yes-which is a stimulant, which speeds up nervous system. It is also addictive
