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Chemistry Y11 > The Periodic Table > Flashcards

The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was arguably the greatest contributor to the development of the Periodic Table?

A

Mendeleev

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2
Q

Give four features of the Periodic table developed by Mendeleev

A
  • left gaps
  • arranged elements in groups and periods
  • separated the metals and non metals
  • arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass
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3
Q

Four ways that the current Periodic table is different to Mendeleev

A
  • No gaps
  • Noble gases
  • Elements in increasing atomic number
  • Actinides and Lanthanides
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4
Q

Why is the fact that Mendeleev left gaps for elements not yet discovered?

A

This enabled him to predict properties of undiscovered elements

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5
Q

What group are alkaline metals in ?

A

1

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6
Q

What is the name given to horizontal rows in the Periodic table?

A

Periods

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7
Q

Explain why the atoms gradually decrease in size across a period

A

The extra electron going into the same shell and the extra positive charge on the nucleus caused by the extra proton increases the attraction on the shells, pulling them closer to the nucleus.

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8
Q

In which group are the most reactive metals found?

A

Alkali metals in group 1

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9
Q

Give four properties of metallic elements

A

Shiny solids
Good conductors or heat
Sonorous solids
Usually malleable and ductile

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10
Q

Give four properties of non metallic elements

A

Poor conductors of heat
Non-sonorous solids
Can be a gas, solid or a liquid at room temperature
Usually dull

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11
Q

Give four trends of group 1 metals down the group

A
  • Bigger atoms
  • Lower melting/boiling point
  • More reactive
  • Even softer to cut
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12
Q

List four observations of group 1 metals reacting with water

A
  • Metal floats
  • Fizzing occurs
  • The metal moves about the surface
  • The metal disappears with a smoke and crackle/explosion
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13
Q

Why are group 1 metals more reactive descending the group?

A

The outer electron is further from the nucleus and therefore easier to lose

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14
Q

Why is are group 1 metals stored under oil?

A

They would react with moisture in the air

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15
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Relighting a glowing splint

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16
Q

Explain why all group 1 metals have similar chemical properties

A

They all have one electron in their outermost shell that when they react forms a positive ion with a stable electronic configuration

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17
Q 
Give the appearance of the following elements at room temperature :
Fluorine -
Chlorine -
Bromine -
Iodine -
A

Pale yellow gas
Pale green gas
Red-brown liquid
Dark grey-black solid. Gives purple vapour (iodine sublimes)

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18
Q

Down the group halogens become:

A

Bigger atoms
Less soluble, although none of the halogens are very soluble
Increasing melting/boiling point

19
Q

In group 7 reactivity ….. as you go up the group

A

Increases

20
Q

Give 5 physical properties of chlorine gas

A
  • Pale green gas
  • Heavier (denser than air)
  • Toxic
  • Slightly soluble in water
  • Bleaches damp litmus paper (test for chlorine)
21
Q

Give three uses of chlorine

A
  • Water sterilisation
  • Manufactures of PVC
  • Bleach
22
Q

A more reactive halogen can replace a ….. …… halogen from a solution of its …..

A

less reactive , salt

23
Q

Give the observations of the colour changes in the solution when a halogen reacts with a metal halide with the following elements:
Chlorine : KCl - KBr - KI
Bromine : KCl - KBr - KI
Iodine : KCl - KBr - KI

A

Chlorine: KCl- no reaction
KBr- Solution turns orange (bromine is water produced)
KI- Solution turns brown (iodine in water is produced)

Bromine: KCl- Solution remains orange (no reaction)
KBr- No reaction
KI- Solution turns brown (iodine in water is produced)

Iodine: KCl- Solution remains brown (no reaction)
KBr- Solution remains brown (no reaction)
KI- no reaction

24
Q

Dissolved in oranges solvents, iodine gives a …… ….. . When iodine is dissolved in …../…. …. ….. it is brown

A

Purple solution . Ethanol/potassium iodide solution

25
Q

Give two properties of bromine:

A

Liquid, red brown

26
Q

Why are group 0 non- metals unreactive?

A

Their lack of reactivity is due to each element in the group having a full outer shell of electrons.

27
Q

Give five properties of transition metals

A
  • they have higher melting points
  • high density
  • much less reactive with water
  • they react and form ions with different charges but group 1 metals only form 1+ ions
  • they form coloured compounds
28
Q

Give the four coloured compounds and their colours formed from transition metals

A

Copper(ii) oxide - black
Copper(ii) carbonate - green
Hydrated copper(ii) sulfate - blue
Copper (ii) salt solution - blue

29
Q

How many elements had been discovered in Mendeleev’s time?

A

63

30
Q

Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing atomic weight - how do we arrange them today?

A

Increasing atomic number

31
Q

Where are the noble gases found in the Periodic table?

A

Group 0

32
Q

Give three properties of all metals

A
  • hard
  • shiny
  • malleable
33
Q

Why is a mixture of metals used in coinage

A

It is stronger and harder than pure metal

34
Q

Name 2 transition metals used in catalytic converters

A

Platinum and rhodium

35
Q

What do the glaze mixtures used in coat clay contain?

A

Transition metal compounds

36
Q

What does it mean when an element sublimes?

A

changes from solid to gas without going through a liquid phase

37
Q

Name group 2 metals

A

Alkaline earth metals

37
Q

Where are the transition metals located ?

A

Group 2 (Scandium to Zinc)

37
Q

Observations of lithium in water (3)

A
  • Metal floats
  • Fizzing occurs
  • Moves about the Surface and disappears with smoke
  • Melts into a ball
37
Q

Observations of sodium in water (4)

A
  • Metal floats
  • Fizzing occurs
  • Sodium disappears
37
Q

Observations of potassium in water(4)

A
  • Metal floats
  • Fizzing occurs
  • Heat is released
  • A lilac flame is observed
37
Q

Properties of alkali metals (5)

A
  • Low density
  • First three are less dense than water
  • Easily cut
  • Shiny when freshly cut
  • Tarnish rapidly in air
38
Q

How to test for chlorine gas

A
  • Damp Universal indicator paper changes to red and then bleaches white

Chemistry Y11 (9 decks)

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