The Periodic Table Flashcards
What are the periods?
The rows
What are groups?
The vertical columns
Group 1 are called?
Alkali metals
Group 7 are called?
Halogens
Group 0 elements are called? And what is is about these that makes them very un reactive?
Noble gases. These elements all have a full outer shell of electrons.
Group 2 elements are called?
Alkaline earth metals
Which element is in group 2, period 3?
Magnesium
Which element is in group 4, period 2?
Carbon
What are the metals between groups 2&3 called?
Transition metals
Describe where the zig zag line goes to separate metals and non metals
Under boron, silicon, arsenic etc
Most non metals don’t conduct electricity but what is one exception?
Carbon in the form of graphite conducts electricity
Gives properties of non metals
Doesn’t conduct heat or electricity
Dull
Low melting point
Not malleable or ductile
Give properties of metals
Conducts heat and electricity Shiny not dull High melting point Malleable Ductile
What are the unusual physical properties of group 1?
Soft and easy to cut
Low melting points
Low densities and floats on water
Are group 1 elements reactive?
Yes very reactive, stored in oil to stop them reacting with oxygen and water vapour in the air.
In group 1 does the reactivity increase going up or down?
Down the group
What happens to lithium when it reacts with water?
Floats, moves across surface of water, fizzes and the piece of solid metal becomes smaller as it reacts.
What happens to sodium when it reacts with water?
Does the same as lithium , floats moving across water surface but more vigorously and may ignite with a yellow orangey flame. And it melts into a ball.
What happens to potassium when it reacts with water?
Moves across the surface of water rapidly and disappears very quickly. Always ignites with a lilac flame.
What do the group 1 elements give off when reacted with water? And how can you test this gas?
They give off hydrogen , it puts out a lighted spill with a squeaky pop.
What would be the pH of the group 1 element and water? And would it be acid or alkali?
Strong alkali turns UI solution purple with pH of 12-14
What’s the general equation for group 1 and water?
metal + water> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Give examples of non metal oxides and metal oxides
Non metal- nitrogen oxide, phosphorus oxide
Metal- sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide
Fill in:
When a metal or non metal reacts with oxygen it usually makes an _______.
Oxide
What do non metal oxides and metal oxides give?
Metal oxides if reacted with water they make an alkaline solution. pH>7
Non metal oxides if reacted with water give an acidic solution.
pH<7
Name the group 7 halogens from the top
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
The halogens are diatomic. What does this mean?
The halogen atoms chemically join in pairs to form molecules. To represent one molecule for example we write F2, Cl2 and Br2.
Do they get darker or lighter in colour as we go down the group? If so state each ones colour.
Darker Fluorine- pale yellow Chlorine- yellow green Bromine- orange brown Iodine- grey black
Look at their states of group 7 halogens. Is there a pattern as we go down the group?
Yes there is a change of state from gases at the top to liquid to solid.
What can you predict about astatine?
Physical state at room temp- solid
Dark coloured solid possibly black
The B.P would be higher than iodines
Do the halogens get more or less reactive as you go down the group? What’s the least reactive and most?
They get less reactive as you go down.
Least- astatine
Most- fluorine
Are the halogens displacement reactions? Can you write out a general pattern?
Yes
More reactive halogen+compound of less reactive halogen>less reactive halogen+compound or more reactive halogen.
Chlorine + potassium bromide gives you?
Chlorine + potassium bromide> potassium chloride + bromine
Group 0 elements are called the ?
Noble gases
Fill in:
Unlike halogens they aren’t diatomic they’re _________ gases.
Monatomic
Why are the noble gases very un reactive?
Because they have a full shell of outer electrons giving them stable electron arrangements.
Give uses of noble gases
Helium- filling balloons
Neon- glow lamps
Argon- used in light bulbs prevents filament burning as very unreactive
Krypton- used in lasers
What are hydrogen halides? Give one example
These are formed when hydrogen gas reacts with halogens
Hydrogen + fluorine > hydrogen fluoride
Give the reactivity series!
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver and gold.
Magnesium + zinc nitrate gives you?
Magnesium + zinc nitrate> magnesium nitrate + zinc
Zinc + magnesium nitrate gives you?
No reaction
Zinc + lead nitrate gives you?
Zinc + lead nitrate > zinc nitrate + lead
Write the equations for reactions of lithium, sodium and potassium with oxygen
Lithium+ oxygen> lithium oxide
Sodium+ oxygen> sodium oxide
Potassium+ oxygen> potassium oxide
What happens when calcium is added to water? And what’s the equation?
Fizzing and piece of solid disappears as it reacts
Calcium + water> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
What happens when magnesium is added to water?
No or very little visible reaction
If a cleaned piece of magnesium ribbon is placed in water it reacts slowly. After a while bubbles of hydrogen gas can be seen forming on the magnesium. However a violent reaction takes place between magnesium ribbon and steam. The word equation is?
Magnesium + steam> magnesium oxide + hydrogen
Why do we heat the wool?
To turn the water into steam
After hearing for 1 minute or so what do you see?
The Mg burns very brightly
What does the product look like and what could it be?
White solid, magnesium oxide
What gas is burning at the top of the boiling tube?
Hydrogen
What else reacts similar to the magnesium and steam reaction?
Aluminium, zinc and iron
Metal + oxygen> ?
Metal oxide
Metal + water > ??
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen
Ammonia + hydrogen chloride > ??
Ammonia + hydrogen chloride> ammonium chloride
Metal and acid gives you?
Salt and hydrogen
Name a transition metal and its symbol
Iron (Fe)
Say whether it’s solution would be acidic or alkaline for each oxide:
Sodium oxide
Phosphorus oxide
Calcium oxide
Sodium oxide- alkaline
Phosphorus oxide- acidic
Calcium oxide - alkaline
In what state is chlorine, bromine and iodine?
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Which state best describes the change of state which happens when a beaker of water is heated to 100 degrees forming a gas?
Boiling
Which state bets describes the change of state which happens when a few drops of water on a bench gradually disappear?
Evaporating
