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Chemistry > The Periodic Table > Flashcards

The Periodic Table Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the periods?

A

The rows

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1
Q

What are groups?

A

The vertical columns

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2
Q

Group 1 are called?

A

Alkali metals

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3
Q

Group 7 are called?

A

Halogens

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4
Q

Group 0 elements are called? And what is is about these that makes them very un reactive?

A

Noble gases. These elements all have a full outer shell of electrons.

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5
Q

Group 2 elements are called?

A

Alkaline earth metals

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6
Q

Which element is in group 2, period 3?

A

Magnesium

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7
Q

Which element is in group 4, period 2?

A

Carbon

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8
Q

What are the metals between groups 2&3 called?

A

Transition metals

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9
Q

Describe where the zig zag line goes to separate metals and non metals

A

Under boron, silicon, arsenic etc

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10
Q

Most non metals don’t conduct electricity but what is one exception?

A

Carbon in the form of graphite conducts electricity

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11
Q

Gives properties of non metals

A

Doesn’t conduct heat or electricity
Dull
Low melting point
Not malleable or ductile

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12
Q

Give properties of metals

A 
Conducts heat and electricity 
Shiny not dull 
High melting point
Malleable
Ductile
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13
Q

What are the unusual physical properties of group 1?

A

Soft and easy to cut
Low melting points
Low densities and floats on water

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14
Q

Are group 1 elements reactive?

A

Yes very reactive, stored in oil to stop them reacting with oxygen and water vapour in the air.

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15
Q

In group 1 does the reactivity increase going up or down?

A

Down the group

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16
Q

What happens to lithium when it reacts with water?

A

Floats, moves across surface of water, fizzes and the piece of solid metal becomes smaller as it reacts.

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17
Q

What happens to sodium when it reacts with water?

A

Does the same as lithium , floats moving across water surface but more vigorously and may ignite with a yellow orangey flame. And it melts into a ball.

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18
Q

What happens to potassium when it reacts with water?

A

Moves across the surface of water rapidly and disappears very quickly. Always ignites with a lilac flame.

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19
Q

What do the group 1 elements give off when reacted with water? And how can you test this gas?

A

They give off hydrogen , it puts out a lighted spill with a squeaky pop.

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20
Q

What would be the pH of the group 1 element and water? And would it be acid or alkali?

A

Strong alkali turns UI solution purple with pH of 12-14

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21
Q

What’s the general equation for group 1 and water?

A

metal + water> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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22
Q

Give examples of non metal oxides and metal oxides

A

Non metal- nitrogen oxide, phosphorus oxide

Metal- sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide

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23
Q

Fill in:

When a metal or non metal reacts with oxygen it usually makes an _______.

A

Oxide

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24
Q

What do non metal oxides and metal oxides give?

A

Metal oxides if reacted with water they make an alkaline solution. pH>7

Non metal oxides if reacted with water give an acidic solution.
pH<7

25
Q

Name the group 7 halogens from the top

A 
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine
26
Q

The halogens are diatomic. What does this mean?

A

The halogen atoms chemically join in pairs to form molecules. To represent one molecule for example we write F2, Cl2 and Br2.

27
Q

Do they get darker or lighter in colour as we go down the group? If so state each ones colour.

A 
Darker
Fluorine- pale yellow 
Chlorine- yellow green
Bromine- orange brown 
Iodine- grey black
28
Q

Look at their states of group 7 halogens. Is there a pattern as we go down the group?

A

Yes there is a change of state from gases at the top to liquid to solid.

29
Q

What can you predict about astatine?

A

Physical state at room temp- solid
Dark coloured solid possibly black
The B.P would be higher than iodines

30
Q

Do the halogens get more or less reactive as you go down the group? What’s the least reactive and most?

A

They get less reactive as you go down.
Least- astatine
Most- fluorine

31
Q

Are the halogens displacement reactions? Can you write out a general pattern?

A

Yes

More reactive halogen+compound of less reactive halogen>less reactive halogen+compound or more reactive halogen.

32
Q

Chlorine + potassium bromide gives you?

A

Chlorine + potassium bromide> potassium chloride + bromine

33
Q

Group 0 elements are called the ?

A

Noble gases

34
Q

Fill in:

Unlike halogens they aren’t diatomic they’re _________ gases.

A

Monatomic

35
Q

Why are the noble gases very un reactive?

A

Because they have a full shell of outer electrons giving them stable electron arrangements.

36
Q

Give uses of noble gases

A

Helium- filling balloons
Neon- glow lamps
Argon- used in light bulbs prevents filament burning as very unreactive
Krypton- used in lasers

37
Q

What are hydrogen halides? Give one example

A

These are formed when hydrogen gas reacts with halogens

Hydrogen + fluorine > hydrogen fluoride

38
Q

Give the reactivity series!

A

Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, silver and gold.

39
Q

Magnesium + zinc nitrate gives you?

A

Magnesium + zinc nitrate> magnesium nitrate + zinc

40
Q

Zinc + magnesium nitrate gives you?

A

No reaction

41
Q

Zinc + lead nitrate gives you?

A

Zinc + lead nitrate > zinc nitrate + lead

42
Q

Write the equations for reactions of lithium, sodium and potassium with oxygen

A

Lithium+ oxygen> lithium oxide
Sodium+ oxygen> sodium oxide
Potassium+ oxygen> potassium oxide

43
Q

What happens when calcium is added to water? And what’s the equation?

A

Fizzing and piece of solid disappears as it reacts

Calcium + water> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen

44
Q

What happens when magnesium is added to water?

A

No or very little visible reaction

45
Q

If a cleaned piece of magnesium ribbon is placed in water it reacts slowly. After a while bubbles of hydrogen gas can be seen forming on the magnesium. However a violent reaction takes place between magnesium ribbon and steam. The word equation is?

A

Magnesium + steam> magnesium oxide + hydrogen

46
Q

Why do we heat the wool?

A

To turn the water into steam

47
Q

After hearing for 1 minute or so what do you see?

A

The Mg burns very brightly

48
Q

What does the product look like and what could it be?

A

White solid, magnesium oxide

49
Q

What gas is burning at the top of the boiling tube?

A

Hydrogen

50
Q

What else reacts similar to the magnesium and steam reaction?

A

Aluminium, zinc and iron

51
Q

Metal + oxygen> ?

A

Metal oxide

52
Q

Metal + water > ??

A

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen

53
Q

Ammonia + hydrogen chloride > ??

A

Ammonia + hydrogen chloride> ammonium chloride

54
Q

Metal and acid gives you?

A

Salt and hydrogen

55
Q

Name a transition metal and its symbol

A

Iron (Fe)

56
Q

Say whether it’s solution would be acidic or alkaline for each oxide:

Sodium oxide
Phosphorus oxide
Calcium oxide

A

Sodium oxide- alkaline
Phosphorus oxide- acidic
Calcium oxide - alkaline

57
Q

In what state is chlorine, bromine and iodine?

A

Gas
Liquid
Solid

58
Q

Which state best describes the change of state which happens when a beaker of water is heated to 100 degrees forming a gas?

A

Boiling

59
Q

Which state bets describes the change of state which happens when a few drops of water on a bench gradually disappear?

A

Evaporating

Chemistry (11 decks)

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