The Periodic Table

Question 1

What is a group?

Answer 1

A group is a vertical column on the Periodic Table.

Question 2

What do periods in the Periodic Table indicate?

Answer 2

Periods indicate the number of electron shells in an atom.

Question 3

How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?

Answer 3

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number in periods and groups.

Question 4

What is a period?

Answer 4

A period is a horizontal row on the Periodic Table.

Question 5

Why are elements arranged by increasing atomic number?

Answer 5

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number so that they end up in columns with similar properties.

Question 6

What charge do the ions formed by Group 7 elements have?

Answer 6

The charge of the ions formed by Group 7 elements is 1-.

Question 7

What does the charge of an ion tell us?

Answer 7

The charge of an ion tells us the number of electrons an atom has lost or gained.

Question 8

In terms of their physical state at room temperature, what is the difference between metals and non-metals?

Answer 8

In terms of their physical state at room temperature, metals are typically solid and non-metals can be gases or solids.

Question 9

What properties are used to classify elements as metals or non-metals?

Answer 9

Conductivity.

Melting / boiling point.

Reaction with acid.

Type of oxide formed.

Question 10

Where are non-metals generally located on the Periodic Table?

Answer 10

Right-hand side of the Periodic Table.

Question 11

What type of oxide do metals normally form?

Answer 11

Metals normally form basic oxides.

Question 12

Do metals or non-metals generally have low melting and boiling points?

Answer 12

Non-metals generally have low melting and boiling points.

Question 13

State the characteristic properties of metals

Answer 13

Metals typically have high electrical conductivity, are malleable / ductile, react with acids and form basic oxides.

Question 14

State the characteristic properties of non-metals

Answer 14

Non-metals typically have lower electrical conductivity, are brittle, do not react with acids and form acidic oxides.

Question 15

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 15

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of outer electrons.

Question 16

What is Group I of the Periodic Table called?

Answer 16

Group I is called the alkali metals.

Question 17

Name the two products formed when sodium reacts with water.

Answer 17

The two products formed when sodium reacts with water are sodium hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 18

Give two properties of Group 1 metals.

Answer 18

They are soft

They have relatively low densities

Question 19

Explain why the alkali metals share similar chemical properties.

Answer 19

The alkali metals share similar chemical properties because they all have one electron in their outer shell.

Question 20

Name the product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen.

Answer 20

The product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen is sodium oxide.

Question 21

Describe the trend in reactivity going down Group 1.

Answer 21

Going down Group 1, reactivity increases.

Question 22

Give the electronic configuration of a potassium atom.

Answer 22

The electronic configuration of potassium is 2.8.8.1.

Question 23

Apart from fizzing / effervescence, state two other observations that would be made when sodium is added to water.

Answer 23

Floating

Moving

Question 24

Describe the trend in melting point going down Group 1.

Answer 24

Going down Group 1, melting point decreases.

Question 25

Name Group VII of the Periodic Table.

Answer 25

Group VII of the Periodic Table is the called the halogens.

Question 26

Explain why fluorine is in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.

Answer 26

Fluorine is in Group 7 of the Periodic Table because it has 7 electrons in its outer shell.

Question 27

Give the colour and state of chlorine at room temperature.

Answer 27

The colour and state of chlorine at room temperature is a pale yellow-green gas.

Question 28

Describe what happens to the density of the halogens going down the group.

Answer 28

Going down the group, the density of the halogens increases.

Question 29

Give the colour and state of bromine at room temperature.

Answer 29

The colour and state of bromine at room temperature is a red-brown liquid.

Question 30

Give the colour and state of iodine at room temperature.

Answer 30

The colour and state of iodine at room temperature is a grey-black solid.

Question 31

Describe the trend in reactivity going down Group VII.

Answer 31

Going down Group VII, reactivity decreases.

Question 32

What is meant by a halogen displacement reaction?

Answer 32

A halogen displacement reaction is one where a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its halide.

Question 33

Where are transition elements located in the Periodic Table?

Answer 33

Transition elements are located in the middle of the Periodic Table, between Group 2 and Group 3.

Question 34

Give two typical properties of transition elements.

Answer 34

high densities. high melting points.

Question 35

Why can transition elements have more than one oxidation number?

Answer 35

Transition elements have more than one oxidation number because they can lose different numbers of electrons.

Question 36

What is Group VIII of the Periodic Table called?

Answer 36

noble gases.

Question 37

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 37

Noble gases are unreactive as they have full outer shells of electrons.