The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is a group?
A group is a vertical column on the Periodic Table.
What do periods in the Periodic Table indicate?
Periods indicate the number of electron shells in an atom.
How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number in periods and groups.
What is a period?
A period is a horizontal row on the Periodic Table.
Why are elements arranged by increasing atomic number?
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number so that they end up in columns with similar properties.
What charge do the ions formed by Group 7 elements have?
The charge of the ions formed by Group 7 elements is 1-.
What does the charge of an ion tell us?
The charge of an ion tells us the number of electrons an atom has lost or gained.
In terms of their physical state at room temperature, what is the difference between metals and non-metals?
In terms of their physical state at room temperature, metals are typically solid and non-metals can be gases or solids.
What properties are used to classify elements as metals or non-metals?
Conductivity.
Melting / boiling point.
Reaction with acid.
Type of oxide formed.
Where are non-metals generally located on the Periodic Table?
Right-hand side of the Periodic Table.
What type of oxide do metals normally form?
Metals normally form basic oxides.
Do metals or non-metals generally have low melting and boiling points?
Non-metals generally have low melting and boiling points.
State the characteristic properties of metals
Metals typically have high electrical conductivity, are malleable / ductile, react with acids and form basic oxides.
State the characteristic properties of non-metals
Non-metals typically have lower electrical conductivity, are brittle, do not react with acids and form acidic oxides.
Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of outer electrons.
What is Group I of the Periodic Table called?
Group I is called the alkali metals.
Name the two products formed when sodium reacts with water.
The two products formed when sodium reacts with water are sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
Give two properties of Group 1 metals.
They are soft
They have relatively low densities
Explain why the alkali metals share similar chemical properties.
The alkali metals share similar chemical properties because they all have one electron in their outer shell.
Name the product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen.
The product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen is sodium oxide.
Describe the trend in reactivity going down Group 1.
Going down Group 1, reactivity increases.
Give the electronic configuration of a potassium atom.
The electronic configuration of potassium is 2.8.8.1.
Apart from fizzing / effervescence, state two other observations that would be made when sodium is added to water.
Floating
Moving
Describe the trend in melting point going down Group 1.
Going down Group 1, melting point decreases.
Name Group VII of the Periodic Table.
Group VII of the Periodic Table is the called the halogens.
Explain why fluorine is in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
Fluorine is in Group 7 of the Periodic Table because it has 7 electrons in its outer shell.
Give the colour and state of chlorine at room temperature.
The colour and state of chlorine at room temperature is a pale yellow-green gas.
Describe what happens to the density of the halogens going down the group.
Going down the group, the density of the halogens increases.
Give the colour and state of bromine at room temperature.
The colour and state of bromine at room temperature is a red-brown liquid.
Give the colour and state of iodine at room temperature.
The colour and state of iodine at room temperature is a grey-black solid.
Describe the trend in reactivity going down Group VII.
Going down Group VII, reactivity decreases.
What is meant by a halogen displacement reaction?
A halogen displacement reaction is one where a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its halide.
Where are transition elements located in the Periodic Table?
Transition elements are located in the middle of the Periodic Table, between Group 2 and Group 3.
Give two typical properties of transition elements.
high densities.
high melting points.
Why can transition elements have more than one oxidation number?
Transition elements have more than one oxidation number because they can lose different numbers of electrons.
What is Group VIII of the Periodic Table called?
noble gases.
Why are noble gases unreactive?
Noble gases are unreactive as they have full outer shells of electrons.
