Solids, Liquids & Gases Flashcards
What does Kinetic Theory explain?
Differences in physical properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of arrangement and motion of particles
Define the term density
Mass per unit volume in a substance
True or False?
Solids have a fixed volume and shape
True
What is the main difference between solids and liquids in particle movement?
In solids, particles vibrate in position but cannot change location, in liquids, particles slide and move past each other
Which state of matter has the highest density?
Solids
In terms of gases, what does compressibility mean?
Means that gases can be compressed into smaller amounts of volume due to the large amount of space between particles
Which state of matter has particles with the highest energy?
Gas
Which state(s) of matter have randomly arranged particles?
Liquid and Gas
Liquid to Solid is called?
Freezing
What is boiling?
When liquid changes to gas at a constant temperature
What type of energy allows particles to move in the liquid state?
Kinetic Energy
What is melting?
When solid changes to a liquid
What is freezing?
When a liquid changes to a solid
What happens to the forces of attraction when a solid turns to a liquid?
The forces of attraction are broken
What is condensation?
When a gas changes into a liquid
What is evaporation?
When a liquid changes into a gas
State the melting and boiling point of pure water
0 and 100 Degrees Celsius
What happens to particles during melting in terms of energy?
Particles absorb thermal energy which is converted into kinetic energy, allowing particles to move freely
Define the term boiling point
Specific temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
What is the relationship between surface area and evaporation rate?
Directly Proportional
What do flat sections on heating and cooling curves represent?
Change of state
What happens to volume of gas as temperature increases?
Volume increases
In terms of gases, define the term pressure
Force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container
What causes gas particles to move faster?
Increase in temperature
What happens to the frequency of particle collisions with container walls when volume decreases?
Frequency of collisions with wall increases
Define the term kinetic energy in relation to gas particles
Energy of motion possessed by the particles
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from a area of high concentration to low concentration
Where is diffusion fastest in?
Gas
True or False?
In Potassium Manganate (VII) solution, the particles can easily mix together
True
Describe the concentration of particles after diffusion is complete
Concentration of particles in evenly spread throughout the space
How does molecular mass affect the rate of diffusion in gases?
Lower Mr = Faster Diffusion
Higher Mr = Slower Diffusion
What is a concentration gradient?
Difference in concentration of particles between two areas
