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Bio Sciences Year 1 > The Pelvic Floor > Flashcards

The Pelvic Floor Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A first degree perineal tear includes…

A

Only the perineal skin (the skin between the vaginal opening and the rectum and the tissues directly beneath the skin)

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2
Q

A second degree tear involves…

A

The skin and muscle of the perineum and might extend deep into the vagina

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3
Q

A third degree year includes…

A

A tear that extends into the muscle that controls the anus (the anal sphincter)

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4
Q

A fourth degree tear includes…

A

Injury to the anal sphincter complex and the anal epithelium

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5
Q

The arteries and veins which supply the pelvic floor are called…

A

Pudendal

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6
Q

The nerves which supply the pelvic floor are called…

A

The third and fourth sacral nerves

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7
Q

The perineal body consists of…

A
  • Puboccygeus muscle
  • A layer of skin at the base
    -Bulbocaverosus and transverse perineal muscles
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8
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor?

A
  • Support organs
  • Micturition
  • Defaecation
  • Sexual Intercourse
  • Pregnancy
  • Labour and Delivery
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9
Q

What does the deep muscle layer include?

A
  • Pubococcygeus muscle
  • Ilicoccygeus muscle
  • Ischiococcygeus muscle
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10
Q

What is the function of the Puboccygeus muscle?

A

Supports the vagina and aids in the proper positioning of the foetus’s head

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11
Q

Where does the Pubococcygeus extend from?

A

It extends from the inner aspect of the pubic bone to the coccyx

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12
Q

What is the function of the Ilicoccygeus muscle?

A

It acts in association with the internal and external anal sphincter in the process of defecation

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13
Q

Where is the Ilicoccygeus located?

A

It extends from the inner aspect of the iliac bone and fibres from each side meet in the midline in the perineum, before extending to the coccyx

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14
Q

Where is the Ischioccygeus muscle?

A

Arises from the ischia spines and pass to the lower sacrum and upper coccyx

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15
Q

What is the function of the Ischiococcygeus muscle?

A

These muscles help support the sacroiliac and sacrococcygeal joints of the pelvis

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16
Q

Within the pelvic floor, where is blood supplied from?

A

The pudendal arteries

17
Q

Within the pelvic floor what is the nerve supply provided by?

A

The third and fourth sacral nerves

18
Q

Where do the lymph nodes within the pelvic floor drain?

A

Into the inguinal and external iliac glands

19
Q

What does the Superficial muscle layer consist of?

A
  • Ischiocavernosis muscle
  • Bulbocavernosus muscles
  • Transverse perineal muscles
20
Q

Where does the Ischiocavernosus muscle extend from?

A

The ischial tuberosity to the clitoris

21
Q

Where are the Bulbocavernosus muscle located?

A

They arise in the perineum around the vagina and embed in the clitoris

22
Q

Where are the Transverse perineal muscles located?

A

They extend from the ischial tuberosities to the perineum, where they intermingle with muscles of the perineal body

23
Q

Where is the external anal sphincter muscles located?

A

It surrounds the anal orifice with some fibres extending back through the perineal body to attach to the coccyx

24
Q

Where is the external sphincter of the urethra located?

A

It arises and embeds in the pubic bone, having passed above and below the urethra

25
Q

The perineal body consists of…

A
  • The layer of the skin at the base
  • The bulbocavernosus and transverse perinei of the superficial muscles
  • The Pubococcygeus of the deep muscles
26
Q

What physiological changes happen to the pelvic floor within pregnancy?

A
  • Relaxin: the hormones relax the smooth perineal muscles
  • Pelvic floor exercises and Perineal massage to support the foetus and the uterus
  • Stress incontinence
  • Prolapse
27
Q

How many layers of muscle are there in the pelvic floor?

A
  • 2
  • The deep muscle layer and the superficial muscle layer
28
Q

What aspects in labour are related to the pelvic floor?

A
  • Rotation of the presenting part
  • Decent of the presenting part
  • Maternal position
  • Perineal massage
  • Birth
  • Perineal trauma
  • Episiotomy

Bio Sciences Year 1 (41 decks)

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