The Pectoral Region Flashcards

1
Q

How many Ribs Join the Sternum?

A

1st Seven Ribs join the sternum

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2
Q

How many Ribs is there?

A

24 ribs, 12 on each side

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3
Q

Where does the sternal angle lie?

A

Mid-Clavicular line, 2nd intercostal space (T4, T5)

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4
Q

Where is the lower costal margin?

A

bottom edge of the ribcage, beneath ribs 8,9 and 10

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5
Q

Which ribs are the ‘false ribs’?

A

Ribs 8,9 and 10

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6
Q

Which ribs are the ‘floating ribs’?

A

11 and 12, they do not have an anterior attachment

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7
Q

What are the four main muscles of the pectoral region?

A

pectoralis major, pectorlais minor, serratus anterior and subclavius

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8
Q

What are the origins of Pectoralis major?

A

Sternal Head: cartilages of ribs 2-6, Clavicular head: medial half of the clavicle

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9
Q

What is the Insertion of Pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus or crest of greater tubercle

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10
Q

What is the action of Pectoralis major?

A

Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of the shoulder. It also aids with breathing, pulls ribcage to create room for lung expansion.

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11
Q

What is the innervation of Pectoralis major?

A

C5-T1 pectoral nerves (lateral and medial)

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12
Q

What is the origin of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Anterior surfaces of the sternal ends of ribs 3-5

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13
Q

What is the insertion of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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14
Q

What is the action of the Pectoralis Minor?

A

Draws scapula forward and down

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15
Q

What is the innervation of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Medial Pectoral nerve C8,T1

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16
Q

What is the origin of serratus anterior?

A

Anterior surface of the first 8 ribs

17
Q

What is the insertion of serratus anterior?

A

Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

18
Q

What are the articulations of the Clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint

19
Q

How does Breast Cancer Spread?

A

Via lymph drainage to regional lymph nodes (thoracic lymph nodes- medial to the nipple and lymph nodes of the axilla- lateral breast)

20
Q

In between which muscles does the cephalic vein run?

A

In the groove between deltoid and pectoralis major

21
Q

Why is the cephalic vein clinically important?

A

For pacemaker insertion. A pacemaker is inserted just under the skin next to the left cephalic vein and a wire is threaded so that the tip of the wire rests against the tip of the right ventricle or against the SA node.