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Anat - Upper limb > the Pectoral Girdle and Breast > Flashcards

the Pectoral Girdle and Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the costocoracoid membrane?

A

clavipectoral fascia

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2
Q

what is the enclosed structures of costocoracoid membrane

A

subclavius and the pectoralis minor

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3
Q

what are the piercing structures of the costocoracoid membrane

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves
pectoral branch of the thoraco acromial artery
cephalic vein

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4
Q

List the rotator cuff muscles

A

infraspinatus
supraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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5
Q

Describe the arteries that participate in scapular anastomoses

A

Transverse cervical artery
Dorsal scapular artery (the anastomosing branch of the transverse cervical)
Suprascapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery (from subscapular artery of the third part of axillary)
Thoracodorsal artery (from subscapular artery of the third part of axillary)
Posterior intercostal arteries (from thoracic aorta)

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6
Q

Arterial Supply of the breasts

A

1.perforating branches of internal thoracic artery at 2nd to 4th interspaces
2.perforating branches of 3rd to 5th intercostal artery
3. pectoral branches of the thoraco-acromial artery (2nd part of axillary artery)
4.branches of the lateral thoracic artery (2nd part of axillary artery)
5. branches of the subscapular (3rd part of the axillary artery)

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7
Q

what part of the body is the pectoral lymph nodes responsible for

A

Pectoral nodes are found at the inferior border of the pectoralis minor, and it drains central and lateral breast

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8
Q

Describe the nerve supply of the breast

A
  • Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 3rd to 6th intercostal nerves
    o Convey sympathetic fibers to blood vessels and smooth muscles
  • Nervous plexus around nipple helps signaling suckling
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9
Q

List the nerves vulnerable during a masectomy

A

o Intercostal brachial n.
o Medial brachial cutaneous n.
o Long thoracic n.
o Thoracodorsal n.
o Medial pectoral n.

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10
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space

A

axillary nerve
posterior circumflex humeral artery

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11
Q

What are the contents of the triangular space

A

circumflex scapular artery

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12
Q

What are the contents of the triangular interval

A

radial nerve and the profunda brachii vessels

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13
Q

what are the superior, inferior, lateral and medial boundaries of the quadrangular space

A
  • Superior: teres minor
  • Inferior: teres major
  • Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
  • Medial: long head of triceps
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14
Q

what are the superior, inferior and lateral boundaries of the triangular space

A

Boundaries
* Superior: teres minor
* Inferior: teres major
* Lateral: long head of triceps

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15
Q

what are the superior, medial and lateral boundaries of the triangular interval

A

Boundaries
* Superior: subscapularis (anteriorly) and teres major (posteriorly)
* Medial: long head of triceps
* Lateral: humerus

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16
Q

origin of the supraspinatus muscle

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

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17
Q

origin of the infraspinatus muscle

A

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

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18
Q

origin of the teres minor

A

middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

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19
Q

origin of the subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa of the scapula

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20
Q

insertion of the supraspinatus

A

superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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21
Q

insertion of the infraspinatus

A

middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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22
Q

insertion of the teres minor

A

inferior aspect of the greater tubercle of humerus

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23
Q

insertion of subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

24
Q

innervation of supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

25
Q

innervation of the infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

26
Q

innervation of the teres minor

A

axillary nerve

27
Q

innervation of the subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

28
Q

muscle action of supraspinatus

A

initiates & assists deltoid in abduction of humerus for first 15°

29
Q

muscle action of the infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates humerus

30
Q

muscle action of the teres minor

A

laterally rotates humerus

31
Q

muscle action of subscapularis

A

medially rotates humerus and helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

32
Q

origin of deltoid muscle

A

 Clavicular part – lat. ⅓ of clavicle
 Acromial part – acromion
 Spinal part – scapular spine

33
Q

insertion of deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

34
Q

innervation of deltoid

A

axillary nerve

35
Q

muscle action of deltoid

A

 Acromial part – abduction of arm (assisted by supraspinatus for 1st 15°)
 Clavicular part – flexes & medially rotates arm
 Spinal part – extends & laterally rotates arm
 Helps stabilize glenohumeral joint
 Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity

36
Q

blood supply of the glehumral joint

A

 Ant. & post. circumflex humeral aa.
 Suprascapular a

37
Q

innervation of the glenohumral joint

A
  • Nerve:
     Suprascapular n.
     Axillary n.
     Lateral pectoral n
38
Q

origin of teres major

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

39
Q

insertion of teres major

A

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

40
Q

innervation of teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6)

41
Q

Origin of levator scapulae

A

Posterior tubercles of
transverse processes of C1-
C4 vertebrae

42
Q

origin of rhomboid minor and major

A

Minor:
* Nuchal ligament
* Spinous processes of
C7&T1 vertebrae
Major:
* Spinous processes of
T2-T5 vertebrae

43
Q

insertion of levator scapula

A

Medial border of scapular
superior to root of
scapular spine

44
Q

insertion of rhomboid minor and major

A

Minor:
* Smooth triangular
area at medial end
of scapular spine
Major:
* Medial border of
scapula from level
of spine to inferior
angle

45
Q

innervation of levator scapula

A
  • Dorsal
    scapular
    nerves (C4,C5)
  • Cervical nerves
    (C3,C4)
46
Q

innervation of rhomboid major and minor

A

Dorsal scapular
nerve (C4,C5)

47
Q

muscle action of levator scapula

A
  • Elevates
    scapula
  • Rotates
    glenoid cavity
    inferiorly
48
Q

muscle action of rhomboid minor and major

A
  • Retract
    scapula and
    rotates glenoid
    cavity inferiorly
  • Fix scapula to
    thoracic wall
49
Q

origin of trapezius

A

Medial third of
superior nuchal line
* External occipital
protuberance
* nuchal ligament
* Spinous processes of
C7-T12 vertebrae

50
Q

origin of latissimus dorsi

A
  • Spinous processes of
    inferior 6 thoracic
    vertebrae
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Inferior 3/4 ribs
51
Q

insertion of trapezius

A
  • Lateral third of
    clavicle
  • Acromion and
    spine of scapula
52
Q

insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

Floor of the
intertubercular sulcus
of the humerus

53
Q

innervation of trapezius

A
  • Spinal accessory
    nerve (CN XI)
    (motor fibres)
  • C3, C4 (pain and
    proprioceptive
    fibres)
54
Q

innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve
(C6,C7,C8)

55
Q

muscle action of trapezius

A
  • Descending part
    elevates
  • Ascending part
    depresses
  • All parts retract
    scapula
  • Ascending and
    descending rotate
    glenoid cavity
    superiorly
56
Q

muscle action of latissimus dorsi

A
  • Extends, adducts,
    medially rotates
    humerus
  • Raises the body
    towards arms during
    climbing
57
Q

what factors stabilize the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Factors for stability:
    o Glenoid labrum- increases concavity
    o Coracoacromial arch- prevents upward dislocation
    o Tendon of long head of biceps- superior support
    o Long head of triceps- inferior support during abduction
    o Ligaments
    o Rotator cuff muscles- strong lateral stability, stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis

Anat - Upper limb (4 decks)

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