The particle model of matter Flashcards
What is the Law of Displacement?
An object that is completely submerged in water will replace an amount of fluid equal to its own volume.
What is the arrangement of solids?
Particles held next to each other in fixed positions by strong forces of attraction.
What is the movement of solids?
Vibrate about fixed positions.
What are the properties of solids?
- High density.
- Fixed volume.
- Fixed shape.
What is the arrangement of liquids?
- Particles in contact.
- Forces of attraction between particles are weaker than in solids.
What is the movement of liquids?
Free to move randomly around each other.
What is are the properties of liquids?
- Lower density than solids.
- Fixed volume.
- Can flow - shape not fixed.
What is the arrangement of gases?
- Particles spread out.
- Almost no forces of attraction between particles.
- Large distance between particles.
What is the movement of gases?
Move randomly at high speed.
What are the properties of gases?
- Low density.
- No fixed volume or shape.
- Can be compressed and can flow.
- Spread out to fill all available space.
What is internal energy?
The sum of the total kinetic energy and the total potential energy.
What increases a substance’s internal energy?
Heating the substance.
What is latent heat?
The energy transferred when a substance changes state.
What is specific latent heat?
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance with no change in temperature.
What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
The energy required to melt 1kg of a substance with no change in temp.
What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?
The energy required to evaporate 1kg of a substance with no change in temperature.
What is specific latent heat measured in?
J/KG
What does the temperature change depend upon when a substance is heated or cooled?
- The substance’s mass.
- The type of material.
- How much energy is transferred to it.
How does a solid change to a liquid then a gas?
By melting then boiling/evaporation.
How does a gas change to a liquid then a solid?
by condensation then freezing.
How does a solid become a gas?
By sublimation.
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degree.
What are the particles in a gas constantly doing?
Moving in a random direction with random speeds.
What happens when a gas is heated?
The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster, so the temperature of the gas increases.
What is the pressure a gas exerts on a surface caused by?
The force of the gas particles hitting the surface.
Why does the pressure increase if the temperature of a gas in a sealed container increases?
Because:
- The particles move faster so they hit the surfaces with more force.
- The number of these impacts per second increases, exerting more force overall.
Why does the temperature increase if a gas is compressed too quickly?
Because:
- Compressing the gas requires a force to be applied to the gas - resulting in work being done to the force.
- The energy gained by the gas is not transferred quickly enough to its surroundings.
