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physics paper 1 revision > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What is a system?

A

An object or a group of objects.

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2
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where no energy can escape to, or enter from, the surroundings and the total energy never changes.

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3
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy an object has because of its movement.

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4
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

The energy an object has because of its height above the ground.

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5
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

Energy an elastic object has when it is stretched or compressed.

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6
Q

What is thermal/internal energy?

A

Energy an object has because of its temperature.

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7
Q

What is the equation for thermal/internal energy?

A

Internal = Kinetic + potential energy

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8
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy that can be transferred by chemical reactions involving foods, fuels and chemicals in batteries.

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9
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

What is magnetic energy?

A

Energy a magnetic object has when it is near a magnet or in a magnetic field.

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11
Q

What is electrostatic energy?

A

Energy a charged object has when it is near another charged object.

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12
Q

What are the 8 energy stores?

A

Kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, thermal/internal, chemical, nuclear, magnetic, electrostatic.

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13
Q

In what ways can energy be transferred?

A

By heating, waves, electricity and forces.

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14
Q

How can energy be transferred through heating?

A

Energy transferred from one object to another with a lower temperature.

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15
Q

How can energy be transferred through waves?

A

By radiation.

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16
Q

How can energy be transferred through electricity?

A

When an electric current flows it can transfer energy.

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17
Q

How can energy be transferred through forces?

A

Energy transferred when a force moves or changes the shape of an object.

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18
Q

Factors that affect the rate of heat loss from a building:

A
  • The thickness of its walls and roof.

- The thermal conductivity of its walls and roof.

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19
Q

What are thermal insulators?

A

A material which has a low thermal conductivity and the rate of energy transfer is low.

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20
Q

How can your reduce thermal conductivity?

A

By using thermal insulators.

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21
Q

What does the energy transfer through a material depend upon?

A
  • The material’s thermal conductivity.
  • The temperature difference between the 2 sides of the material.
  • The thickness of the material.
22
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred usefully, stored or dissipated.

23
Q

Define lubrication.

A

A way of reducing unwanted energy transfer due to friction.

24
Q

Define streamlining.

A

A way of reducing energy wasted due to air resistance or drag in water.

25
Q

What does all energy end up being transferred to?

A

The thermal energy store of the surroundings.

26
Q

What are examples of energy transfers?

A

Light, sound, thermal, chemical, mechanical, electrical.

27
Q

What are the 3 fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil and natural gas.

28
Q

What are the advantages of the fossil fuels?

A
  • Reliable.

- Cheap to extract and use.

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A
  • Non-renewable.
  • Release carbon dioxide , cause of global warming.
  • Will eventually run out.
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of using nuclear energy?

A
  • Non-renewable.
  • will eventually run out.
  • Produces radioactive waste (dangerous, difficult and expensive to dispose of ).
  • Expensive to comission and decomission (shut down) power stations.
31
Q

What are the advantages of using nuclear energy?

A

-No polluting gases or greenhouse gases produced.
-Reliable.
Doesn’t cause acid rain.

32
Q

What are the advantages of using solar energy?

A
  • Renewable.
  • Cheap to run once installed.
  • No pollution/greenhouse gases produced.
  • Can be used in remote places.
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of using solar power?

A
  • Unreliable.
  • Supply depends on weather.
  • Expensive to buy and install.
  • Cannot supply large scale demand.
34
Q

What are the advantages of using hydroelectric energy?

A
  • Renewable.
  • Low running cost.
  • Reliable.
  • No fuel cost.
35
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric energy?

A
  • Expensive to build hydroelectric energy.
  • Destroys habitats.
  • Greenhouse gases produced because of rotting vegetation.
36
Q

What are the advantages of tidal energy?

A
  • Predictable.
  • Can produce large amounts of energy.
  • No fuel costs.
  • no pollution/greenhouse gases produced.
37
Q

What are the disadvantages of tidal energy?

A
  • Expensive to build and maintain.
  • Can change aquatic habitats and harm animals.
  • Restrict access and dangerous for boats.
  • Inconsistent.
38
Q

What are the advantages of wave energy?

A
  • Low running cost.
  • No fuel cost.
  • No polluting/greenhouse gases produced.
39
Q

What are the disadvantages of wave energy?

A
  • Unreliable.
  • Dependant on weather.
  • Floating generators can change aquatic habitats and harm animals, restrict access and dangerous for boats.
  • Floating generators expensive to build, install and maintain.
40
Q

What are the advantages of wind energy?

A

-Low running cost.
-No fuel cost.
No polluting/greenhouse gases produced.

41
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind energy?

A
  • Unreliable.
  • Supply depends on weather.
  • Large amounts of land needed to produce enough electricity for large scale demand.
  • Noise and visual pollution.
42
Q

What are the advantages of using geothermal energy?

A
  • Low running cost.
  • No fuel cost.
  • No polluting/greenhouse gases produced.
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A
  • Expensive to set up.

- Only few suitable locations.

44
Q

What are the advantages of biofuels?

A
  • Reliable.

- Carbon neutral.

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

A
  • Expensive to produce.

- Requires land and water that’s useful for food production.

46
Q

What does non-renewable mean?

A
  • Energy resources are not replaced as quickly as they are used.
  • Will eventually run out.
47
Q

What does renewable mean?

A
  • Energy resources can be replaced at the same rate as they are used.
  • Will not run out.
48
Q

What are examples of non-renewable energy resources?

A

Fossil fuels and nuclear fission.

49
Q

What are examples of renewable energy resources?

A

Solar, tidal, wave, wind, geothermal, biofuel and hydroelectric energies.

50
Q

What is power?

A

How much energy/work done is transferred per second.

physics paper 1 revision (4 decks)

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