The Particle Model Flashcards
What does the particle model suggest?
Everything is made up of particles.
Why do particles continually move?
Due to the thermal energy they have (which is kinetic energy on a microscopic level).
What is the spacing of particles in a gas?
Far apart and random.
What is the spacing of particles in a liquid?
Close and random.
What is the spacing of particles in a solid?
Close and ordered.
What is the movement of particles in a gas?
Particles are free to move around.
What is the movement of particles in a liquid?
Particles vibrate and swap places.
What is the movement of particles in a solid?
Particles vibrate around fixed positions.
What is the bonding of particles in a gas?
Bonds are weak.
What is the bonding of particles in a liquid?
Bonds are quite strong.
What is the bonding of particles in a solid?
Bonds are very strong.
What is the shaping of particles in a gas?
Expands to take the shape of the container.
What is the shaping of particles in a liquid?
Takes the shape of the container but keeps volume.
What is the shaping of particles in a solid?
Keeps its shape.
What is the compressibility of particles in a gas?
Can be compressed.
What is the compressibility of particles in a liquid?
Cannot be compressed.
What is the compressibility of particles in a solid?
Cannot be compressed.
What is density?
The mass of a given volume of a substance.
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas.
Why do solids usually have the highest density out of the three states?
The particles are packed very tightly in an ordered arrangement.
Why are liquids slightly less dense than solids?
They can move around each other; but, they are still quite close together.
Why do gases have very low densities?
There is lots of space between the particles and they are randomly positioned.
How can you measure the density of a substance?
By measuring the mass and volume.
How do you measure mass?
By using an electronic balance.
How do you measure volume?
By reading the amount on a beaker.
What mistake should you avoid when measuring mass?
Always measure the beaker before measuring it with the liquid inside; subtract the mass of the beaker from the final result.
What happens when materials are heated?
The particles gain kinetic energy and start moving faster; as a result, the material gets hotter.
What is temperature a measure of?
The average kinetic energy of particles.
What does the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a material depend on?
The mass of the material, the substance and the desired temperature change.
What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
What happens during melting and boiling?
Thermal energy is added to a substance which breaks the bonds between particles.
What happens if you remove thermal energy from a substance?
It slows the particles down; bonds start to form between them.
What is specific latent heat?
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance with no change in temperature.
